A Proposed Strategy to Develop the Performance of the Egyptian STEM Schools of Excellence in Light of the Digital Learning Communities’ Approach

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 Assistant Professor, Educational Principles Faculty of Education, Menoufia University, Egypt

2 Lecturer of Comparative Education and Educational Administration Faculty of Education, Menoufia University, Egypt

Abstract

The aim of the current research is to develop a proposed strategy to develop the performance of schools of outstanding students and technology in Egypt in light of the requirements of digital learning communities, by identifying the conceptual framework of digital learning communities, the features of schools of distinguished students for science and technology, and diagnosing the reality of schools of distinguished students for science and technology, relying on the descriptive approach, and using the method Quadrant environmental analysis to diagnose the reality of the performance of outstanding schools of science and technology in Egypt and identify the most important strengths and weaknesses in the internal environment, as well as to determine the societal conditions and their effects on them in order to discover the available opportunities and threats in the external environment, The research concluded that the reality of the performance of outstanding schools of science and technology suffers from few weaknesses and has many strengths, and at the same time it faces many threats and few opportunities. In light of this, a number of strategic alternatives were presented and compared between them to choose the most appropriate, and the research was concluded. By developing an executive plan to implement the strategic goals and objectives of the proposed strategy to develop the performance of outstanding schools of science and technology in light of the requirements of digital learning communities.

Keywords

Main Subjects


Boyce, Lisa A, R. Jeffrey Jackson and Laura J. Neal. (2010). coaching relationships Examining impact of matching criteria in a leadership coaching program. Journal of Management Development, Vol. 29 Issue: 10, pp.914-931, https://doi.org/10.1108/02621711011084231
Caine, G., Caine, R. N. (2010). Strengthening and Enriching Your Building Professional Learning Communities. The Art of Learning Together. ASCD. https://www.amazon.com/Strengthening- Enriching-Professional-Learning-Community/dp/1416610898
Carpenter, D. (2015). School culture and leadership of professional learning communities. International Journal of Educational Management, 29 (5).682 - 694.
Chen and others (2016), Factors that develop effective professional learning communities in Taiwan, national institute of Education, Singapore, AsiA Pacific Journal of Education, 2016 Vol. 36, no. 2, 248-265.
Childers, L. S., "The Relationship Between Teacher Self-Efficacy and Teachers' Perception of Students' Use of 21st Century Skills in STEM-Designated Schools in Tennessee", Ph.D., Austin Peay State University ProQuest Dissertations Publishing, United States -- Tennessee,2022.
David W. Wite.(2014). What Is STEM Education and Why Is It Important?, Florida Association of Teacher Educators Journal, Volume 1, Number 14, Florida.
Deng, Y., Sun, W., Chen, M. and Yang, Y. (2019).Knowledge management and e-learning in virtual learning community based on social network analysis. Library Hi Tech, 37 (4), 906-917.
Graham, Parry (2007): Improving Teacher Effectiveness Through Structured Collaboration: A Case Study of a Professional Learning Community, Research in Middle Level Education, volume 31, number1,RMLE Online, 31:1, 1-17, DOI:10.1080/19404476.2007.11462044, p2-15-17.
Kalkan, Fatma, (2016), Relationship between Professional Learning Community, Bureaucratic Structure and Organisational Trust in Primary Education Schools, educational sciences: theory & practice, August 10, 2016, 16(5), 1619-1637.
Kong, S. (2018). Community of Practice: An Effective Way to ESL Teacher Professional Development in Vocational Colleges, English Language Teaching, 11(7), 158-162.
Margot, K. C., & Kettler, T. (2019). Teachers' Perception of STEM Integration and Education: A Systematic Literature Review. International Journal of STEM Education, 6(1), 1-16.
Saptarani, D., Widodo, A., & Purwianingsih, W., Biology Teachers and High School Students Perceptions about STEM Learning, Journal of Physics: Conference Series (International Conference on Mathematics and Science Education), Vol. 1157, Issu.4, Pp.1-7.
Smith, B, L & Macgregor, J. (2009). Learning communities and the quest for quality.Quality Assurance in Education, 17( 2).118 - 139 .
Talbert, Joan E. (2010). Professional learning communities at the crossroads: How systems kinder or engender change, in: A. Hargreaves et al. (eds.), Second international handbook of educational change, Springer International handbooks of educational No. 23, PP. 564-557. DOI: 10.1007/978-90-481-2660-6_32.
Troy D. (2015). Communities of Practice:Encyclopedia of Science Education springer science Business media Dordrecht, January , 1- 15.
Williams, J. (2011). STEM Education: Proceed with caution, Design and Technology Education: An International Journal 16.1, University of Waikato, New Zealand.
 Williams, E &J. Dugger., Evolution of S.T.E.M. in the United States International Technology Education Association, 2013, pp. 22-23.
 
Translation of Arabic references
Abu Zaid, Omar, and Saleh, Abdel Fattah. (2011, December). Building Networked Cognitive Learning Communities and Their Impact on Science Teachers. Journal of the Faculty of Education. Fayoum University. 11(1) 167-220.
Abu Sharb, Mohamed El Sayed Khalil. (2022). A Proposed Program in Chemistry Based on the STEAM Project for Developing Scientific and Engineering Practices and Common Concepts for Secondary School Students. Master's Thesis. Faculty of Education, Menoufia University.
Abu Musa, Asmaa Hamid Salem (2019): The Effectiveness of a Unit in Science as an Assignment According to the Integrated STEM Grant in Developing Scientific Practices among Ninth Grade Female Students. Master's Thesis. Faculty of Education, Islamic University of Gaza, Palestine.
Ahmed, Mohamed Fathy Abdel Rahman. (2021) Virtual Learning and Practice Communities as an Introduction to Professional Development for Egyptian STEM School Principals and Teachers in Light of the American Experience. Fayoum University Journal of Educational and Psychological Sciences, 15, 13 399 - 214, Retrieved from Record/com.mandumah.search//:http/1276724
Sustainable Development Strategy (2016): Egypt Vision 2030, Seventh Axis Education and Training, Arab Republic of Egypt, Retrieved on 4/23/2024.
Ismail, Hamdan Mohamed Ali. (2017). The Effect of Enrichment Activities in Chemistry Based on the STEM Approach in Developing Awareness of Scientific Professions and Professional Tendencies of Secondary School Students with Deep and Surface Learning Strategies, Egyptian Journal of Science Education, 20 (2).
Ismail, Ali Abd Rabbo Hussein (2016, October). Requirements for Expanding the Establishment of Secondary Schools for Gifted Students in Science and Technology (STEM) in Egypt in Light of the Experiences of Some Countries Journal of the Faculty of Education, Mansoura University, (97), 151-182.
Ismail, Mohamed Ahmed Mohamed. (2008, May). Professional development of teachers of the first cycle of basic education in light of the concepts of quality and educational accreditation, the Egyptian Society for Comparative Education and Educational Administration, the eleventh year. (22).
Imam, Shaza Ahmed. (2016). The predictive value of both linguistic intelligence and mathematical intelligence in teachers' attitudes towards applying STEAM activities in different educational stages, Journal of Arab Studies in Education and Psychology, (73).
Al-Basyouni, Ashraf Mansour (2019): Information culture of students of schools for gifted students in science and technology stem in Egypt and the role of the educational system in those schools in enhancing it: A field study, International Journal of Library and Information Sciences. Faculty of Arts, Mansoura University 6 (2) 239- 293.
Al-Habsiyya, Radhia bint Suleiman. (2021, June, 5). Digital professional learning communities. Published article. Retrieved from the following site: https://alnaba.news/?p=65857 on 7/19/2024.
Al-Hadrami, Ahmed Saeed Nasser. (2021). Requirements for implementing e-management in Arab universities in light of the digital transformation in university education, the Sultanate of Oman and Yemen as a model. Al-Idari Journal. Institute of Public Administration. (165).
Bin Salem, Fatima bint Muhammad. (2018, May). Implementing professional learning communities and their role in raising the level of academic achievement of students, Arab studies in education and psychology. (97), Saudi Arabia.
​​Al-Bahlol, Samara Shaaban (2021): Causes of the unemployment problem in society, Scientific Journal of the Faculty of Arts. Journal 10. First issue, Faculty of Arts, Damietta University, pp. 193-209.
Al-Ahram Gate (2024): The Minister of Education announces important decisions regarding schools for gifted students and student grants at universities, 30-1, access date 12/5/2024.
Tawfik, Salah El-Din, and Abdel-Mottaleb, Ahmed Abed (2019): The future of schools for gifted students in science and technology stem from the perspective of the Six Sigma methodology and the scenario approach. Journal of the Faculty of Education. Faculty of Education, Benha University 30 (18) 1-88.
Tawfik, Fifi Ahmed. (2017, January). A future scenario for activating learning communities in public schools in Sohag Governorate. Educational Journal. Faculty of Education. Sohag University. (47)
A.M.E., Ministry of Education (2012), Ministerial Resolution No. (202) dated 4/21/2012 AD regarding granting the Egyptian secondary school certificate for science and technology to secondary schools for gifted students in science and technology, Cairo, the Ministry.
Gayle, Afef Mohamed (2020). A proposed vision for activating professional and digital learning communities in public secondary schools in Assiut Governorate. Journal of Educational Sciences, Vol. 28, No. 321.2 – 253.
Arab Republic of Egypt, Ministry of Education, Minister’s Office, Ministerial Resolution No. (382) dated 10/2/2012, regarding the system of admission, study and examinations in secondary schools for gifted students in science and technology, Article 17.
------------------------------, Ministerial Resolution No. (172) dated 4/14/2014, regarding the establishment of the STEM Schools Unit, Articles 1, 2.
------------------------------, Ministerial Resolution No. (382) dated 10/2/2012, regarding the system of admission, study and examinations in secondary schools for gifted students in science and technology, Article 14
------------------------------, Ministerial Resolution No. (369) dated 10/11/2011, regarding the system of secondary schools for gifted students in science and technology, previous reference, Articles 3, 4.
-----------------------------, Secondary schools for gifted students in science and technology (STEM) STEM schools, Job description card for the director of schools for gifted students in science and technology (STEM), pp. 1-3.
Central Agency for Public Mobilization and Statistics (2021): Egypt in Figures, Education.
Hassan, Ibrahim Muhammad Abdullah. (2020). Education 1STEAM Integrating art into the integration of science, technology, engineering and mathematics STEM, Journal of Mathematics Education, Faculty of Education, Arish University, Vol. 2, 23 (2).
Haider, Abdul Latif, and Muhammad, Muhammad Al-Masilhi. (2006). The role of the school as a professional learning community in building and developing a learning culture. A working paper published in the Journal of the College of Education, United Arab Emirates University, Vol. (21). (23) 31-58. Available at: http://www.cedu.uaeu.ac.ae/journal/issue23/ch2 23ar.pdf Retrieved on 6/5/2023.
Khalil, Khalil Radwan (2017) Training practices for secondary school science teachers in light of the integration approach between science, technology, engineering and mathematics STEM. The Egyptian Journal of Scientific Education. 20 (8) 67-107.
Damas, Amna Hassan. (2019). The role of electronic learning communities in improving the professional performance of chemistry teachers in schools affiliated with the South Jeddah Education Office, Saudi Arabia. Journal of Scientific Research in Education. Faculty of Education for Girls, Ain Shams University, 20(1), 536-571
Al-Dawoud, Hessa bint Mohammed. (2017). A proposed teaching program based on the STEM approach in education in the science center and its effectiveness in developing habits of mind and decision-making skills among third-grade middle school students. PhD thesis. Faculty of Social Sciences, Imam Muhammad bin Saud Islamic University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
​​Dawood, Abdulaziz Ahmed (2019): Preparing a teacher of science, technology, engineering and mathematics schools in America and benefiting from it in Egypt. Journal of the Faculty of Education. Faculty of Education, Kafr El-Sheikh University. 19(1) 119-142.
Dufour Richard; Ecker. Robert (2008). Professional learning communities in action. The best methods for increasing student achievement. (Translated by Dhahran Ahliyya Schools). 2nd ed. Dammam. Dar Al-Kitab Al-Tarbawi.
Al-Diyasti, Marwa Bakr Mukhtar (2020) Marketing student projects in secondary schools for gifted students in science and technology in light of the blue ocean strategy. Journal of the Faculty of Education, Vol. 20, 1, 1-70. Retrieved from http://search.mandumah.com/Record/1066824
Rafaei, Aqeel Mahmoud Rafaei. (2015). Balanced Scorecard as an Approach to Evaluating the Administrative Performance of Principals of Schools for Gifted Students in Science and Technology STEM in the Arab Republic of Egypt, Journal of Education, Faculty of Education, Al-Azhar University, 34 (162), Vol. 1, Egypt, 379-446.
Radwan, Omar Naseer. (2019). Schools of Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics in the United States and Egypt: A Comparative Study. Journal of Comparative Education. The Egyptian Society for Comparative Education. (12), December, 12-43.
Zanati, Amal Mahsoub Muhammad (2020). Developing Talent Management in Schools for Gifted Students in Science and Technology STEM in Egypt in Light of Strategic Leadership: A Future Vision. Journal of the Faculty of Education in Educational Sciences Vol. 44, 3, 75 - 250. Retrieved from http://search.mandumah.com/Record/1117310
Al-Zayady, Dalia Adel. (2017). The Impact of Developing Learning by Following the STEM System on the Knowledge Economy, Scientific Journal of Economics and Commerce, Faculty of Commerce, Ain Shams University (2) 399-466
Salem, Ahmed Mohamed. (2004). Educational Technology and E-Learning, Riyadh, Al-Rushd Library.
Al-Sabil, Mai Omar Al-Sabil. (2015, August). The Importance of STEM Schools in Developing Science Education: A Theoretical Study in Teacher Preparation, The Twenty-Fourth Scientific Conference of the Egyptian Society for Curricula and Teaching Methods entitled Teacher Preparation Programs in Universities for Excellence, Egyptian Society for Curricula and Teaching Methods, Cairo, pp. 254-278.
Al-Sahbani, Ebtihal Suleiman. (1432). Developing the performance of public education schools in Riyadh in light of the professional learning community approach. PhD thesis. College of Education, King Saud University, Riyadh.
Al-Saeed, Reda Masoud (2020): STEM Teaching (Mathematics - Science - Engineering - Technology), Dar Al-Ulum for Publishing and Distribution, Cairo.
Al-Saeed, Reda Masoud, and Abdo, Waseem Muhammad. (2015, August). STEM An approach based on creative projects to develop mathematics education in Egypt and the Arab world, the fifteenth annual scientific conference of the Egyptian Society for Mathematics Education entitled: Teaching and Learning Mathematics and Developing Twenty-First Century Skills, the Egyptian Society for Mathematics Education, Egypt, 8-9, pp. 133-149
Suleiman, Sherif Abdullah (2023). Digital leadership practices in secondary schools for gifted students in science and technology STEM in Egypt: An analytical study. Journal of Educational Administration, Vol. 10, No. 37, 158-280. Retrieved from http://search.mandumah.com/Record/1379931
Suryal, Mariam Saad (2023): Obstacles Facing the Activation of STEM Schools in Egypt in Light of the Experiences of Some Advanced Countries, Educational Journal for Adult Education, Faculty of Education, Assiut University (3), July 203-239.
Al-Sayed, Alaa Asem (2020): Problems of the Capstone Project in STEM Science and Technology Schools and the Requirements to Confront Them: A Budget Study in Dakahlia Governorate. Journal of the Faculty of Education. Faculty of Education, Noha University, 31 (124) 312-335.
Al-Shazly, Amer Moharam Mohamed. (2015). Learning Communities as an Introduction to Achieving Quality Requirements in General Secondary Schools: A Field Study, PhD Thesis, Faculty of Education, Mansoura University.
Shadid, Mustafa Muhammad (2022): The Role of Civil Society Organizations in Improving the Level of the Educational Process to Achieve Sustainable Development in Light of the State Vision 2030, an Applied Study on Civil Society Organizations. Arab Journal of Management. 42 (4) December 183-214.
Shams El-Din, Safaa Ali (2023): Strategic Management as an Introduction to Developing the Performance of Principals of Schools for Excellence in Science and Technology STEM. Journal of the Faculty of Education. Mansoura University (121) January 924-945.
Shihab, Lobna Mahmoud Abdel Karim. (2019, September). A Comparison of Professional Learning Communities Networks in Singapore and England to Benefit from Them in Egyptian Schools. Educational Journal. Faculty of Education. Sohag University. (65).
Shahada, Sayed Ali El-Sayed. (2019). The Effectiveness of the STEAM Approach in Teaching Home Economics to Develop Aesthetic Taste Conflicts Among preparatory school students, Faculty of Education Journal, Benha University, 4 (119).
​​Saleh, Asmaa Murad (2017): Social variables and their impact on technical education: An analytical study. Fayoum University Journal of Educational and Psychological Sciences. Faculty of Education, Fayoum University 2 (7) 117- 154.
Saleh, Ayat Hassan (2016, July). A proposed unit in light of the science-technology-engineering-mathematics approach and its impact on developing attitudes towards it and problem-solving skills for primary school students, the International Journal of Specialized Education, Samat House for Studies and Research, Vol. (5) No. (7, 186-217.
Al-Sabbagh, Hamdi Abdel Aziz (2015) Approaches to achieving integration between natural science and mathematical curricula, a descriptive study. Journal of the Faculty of Education. Faculty of Education, Al-Azhar University 4 (162) 385- 429.
Al-Sagheer, Ahmed Hassan. (2009, November). Learning communities: an approach to ensuring quality in secondary schools, a field study in the UAE community. Journal of Education, Egypt. 12(26).
--------------------------------.(2009). Learning communities - a model for improving professional practices in schools. Jordan: Ithraa for Publishing and Distribution.
Ashour, Iman Abdel Salam Muhammad. (2019). A proposed vision for preparing a teacher of science, technology, engineering and mathematics schools 98 in the faculties of education in the Arab Republic of Egypt, Master's thesis, Faculty of Education, Kafr El-Sheikh University Sheikh.
Abdel Qader, Ayman Mustafa Mustafa (2017) June). A proposed vision for a package of training programs necessary to implement the STEM approach in light of the training needs of secondary school teachers, International Journal of Specialized Education, Vol. (6), No. (6), 167-184
Abdel Salam, Amani Mohamed (2019): Standards for preparing the STEM teacher in light of the experiences of some countries. Journal of the Faculty of Education, Assiut University. 314- 359.
Abdel Salam, Osama Mohamed et al. (2006). The Egyptian teacher and information and communication technology: Description of the present and outlook for the future, Cairo, Arab Society for Educational Technology.
Abdel Salam, Amani Mohamed Sharif. (2019). Standards for preparing the STEM teacher in light of the experiences of some countries, an analytical study, Journal of the Faculty of Education, Vol. 35, No. 5, Faculty of Education, Assiut University.
Abdel Fattah, Mohamed Abdel Razek. (2016). A proposed STEM program in science for the primary stage to develop technological design skills and scientific tendencies, Egyptian Journal of Science Education, Faculty of Education, Ain Shams University, 19 (6).
Abdel Qader, Ayman Mustafa (2017): A proposed vision for a package of training programs necessary to implement the STEM approach in light of the training needs of secondary school teachers. International Specialized Educational Journal. Faculty of Education, Alexandria University, 6, 176-184.
Abdullah, Nashwa Abdel Moneim. (2021). School integration in light of the variables of academic buoyancy and hyper-excitement among students of the secondary school of gifted students in science and technology STEM" Educational Journal, Faculty of Education, Sohag University, Part Two, Issue Ninety-Two, December 2021, pp. 767-820.
Abdullah, Yassin Youssef. (2017). The impact of globalization on educational planning for the teaching system in general education in Sudan. PhD thesis. Faculty of Educational Sciences, University of Gezira, Sudan.
Abdel Hadi, Muhammad Muhammad. (2020) The role of e-learning in supporting the education system in light of the Corona pandemic. Studies in university education, Faculty of Education - Ain Shams University, (49).
​​Obaid, Abbas Mahmoud (2019): Modern teaching methods between theory and application, available at / hhttps://www.researchgate.net/publication/335352906
Al-Arifi, Afif bint Abdullah bin Saud and Al-Anzi Salem bin Mazlouh bin Matar. (2021). A proposed vision for the development of Critical Thinking among Primary School English Teachers in Riyadh in Light of Sustainable Digital Professional Learning Communities, Arab Studies in Education and Psychology, No. 136, 341-366, Retrieved from Record/com.mandumah.search//:http/1169597
Atta, Mahmoud, and Abdo, Viola. (2016). High Schools for Gifted Students in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics and Their Application in the United States of America and the Possibility of Benefiting from Them in Egypt. Journal of Comparative and International Education. 2 (6) 113- 314.
Atta, Lily. (2023, January, 9). Professional Learning Communities: Their Concept, Objectives, and Success Factors, Published Article. Retrieved from the following website: https://remarkomrsoftware.com/ar/blog/professional-learning-communities/ on 7/19/2024.
Ammar, Baha El-Din Arabi Mohamed Mohamed. (2023) The role of schools for gifted students in science and technology "STEM" in developing life skills among their students, a field study. South Valley University International Journal of Educational Sciences, 10, 1 - 153. Retrieved from http://search.mandumah.com/Record/1452341
Al-Anzi, Hanan Mamdouh. (2019). The reality of dedication according to the "STEM" approach in improving the level of academic achievement among secondary school female students, Journal of the Faculty of Education, Assiut University, Vol. 2, 35 (11).
Eidaroos, Ahmed Najm El-Din Ahmed, Awad Allah, Walaa Abdel Hamid Saeed. (2022, May). Virtual leadership as an approach to establishing a culture of virtual learning communities in educational institutions - an analytical study. Journal of Young Researchers. Faculty of Education. Sohag University. DOI: 10.21608/JYSE. 2022.
Ghanem, Tafeeda Sayed. (2021). Including the concepts of adaptation to climate change in light of the (STEM) trend in secondary school curricula for high achievers in science and technology. Fayoum University Journal of Educational and Psychological Sciences. 3 (12) 531- 594.
Farhan, Ibrahim Ahmed. (2018). A proposed program for the professional development of science and mathematics teachers in light of the integration approach between science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM), Journal of the Faculty of Education, University Assiut, 34 (5), May, 250-287.
Fakhro, Abdel Nasser, and Gharib, Sarah (2020) The effectiveness of a program based on the STEM approach in developing scientific concepts, critical thinking skills, problem-solving methods, and the attitude towards science among summer camp students. Diyala Journal. Kuwait. (85). 382-424.
Fadl, Nabil. (2013). Network learning community and the development of scientific culture, Education and Revolution Conference in Egypt, Alternative Visions and Policies, Journal of Educational Sciences, November 11-12, Cairo.
Al-Qadeem, Samir Mahmoud. (2022). A proposed strategy to diversify sources of funding for university education in light of contemporary global trends, PhD thesis, Faculty of Education, Menoufia University.
Qatari, Mahmoud Ali Mahmoud. (2018). Developing secondary schools for gifted students in science and technology. S.T.E.M in Egypt in light of the experience of the United States of America, Issue 19, Journal of Scientific Research in Education, Girls' College, Ain Shams University.
Kousa, Sawsan Abdel Hamid. (2019). Teaching competencies of mathematics teachers in Makkah Al-Mukarramah in light of the integration of (STEM), Journal of Mathematics Education, Umm Al-Qura University 22 (3), Saudi Arabia.
​​Laila, Ali. (2020). Social theory and community issues, issues of modernization and sustainable development, Part One, Al-Ajlo Egyptian Library, Cairo.
Malik, Khaled Mustafa Muhammad, and Asem, Dina Maher. (2019, July). Educational management and educational technology competencies required for professional learning communities in light of the skills of the twenty-first century and the fourth industrial revolution. Studies in University Education. Ain Shams University - Faculty of Education - University Education Development Center. (44). 74-198.
Al-Maliki, Maged Mohamed Hassan. (2018). The effectiveness of teaching science using the STEM approach in developing research skills according to ISFF standards among primary school students, International Journal of Educational and Psychological Studies, 4 (1)
Electronic Educational Journal. (2019). Media centers and their role in creating a role model student. January 18, accessed on 5/13/2024.
Mahrous, Mohamed Al-Asmai. (2015, April). The desired professional requirements for the desired school reform. Journal of the Faculty of Education. Sohag University. (40).
Mohamed, Thanaa Hashem. (2019). Cultural identity and education in Egyptian society, a critical view. Journal of the Faculty of Education. Beni Suef University, Part One, January Issue, pp. 119-144.
Al-Mohammadi, Nagwa Bint Attian. (2018). The effectiveness of teaching according to the (ETC) method in developing the ability of secondary school students to solve problems. International Journal of Specialized Education, 7 (1).
Mohamedin, Hashem Abdel Hakam, and Moussa, Ahmed Mohamed Bakry. (2017, January). Requirements for implementing professional learning communities in Al-Azhar institutes from the teachers' point of view. Journal of the Faculty of Education. Al-Azhar University. Cairo, Vol. 1 (172) 13-71.
Mahmoud, Ashraf Mahmoud (2017): Support programs for secondary schools for science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) in both the United States and Australia and the possibility of benefiting from them in Egypt. Journal of Educational Sciences. Faculty of Education, Qena, South Valley University, Issue 30, pp. 171-404.
Mahmoud, Mahmoud Ali (2018): Developing secondary schools for gifted students in science and technology (STEM) in Egypt in light of the experience of the United States of America, Journal of Scientific Research in Education, Girls' College, Ain Shams University, Issue 19, pp. 497-515.
Mahmoud, Ashraf Mahmoud Ahmed. (2017). STEM High School Support Programs in the United States and Australia and the Possibility of Benefiting from Them in Egypt, Journal of Educational Sciences, Faculty of Education, Qena, South Valley University, (30).
Mahmoud, Amjad Hussein. (2017). The Effect of Using the STEM Approach on Developing Conceptual Comprehension and Creative Thinking in Mathematics among Ninth Grade Students, Master's Thesis, Faculty of Education, Islamic University, Gaza.
Mahmoud, Al-Farhati Al-Sayed. (2018). Academic Mindset as Outcomes of Education Saturated with Pathways of Responsiveness and Cognitive Processes for Creativity, Authentic Learning and School Reliability among STEM School Students, Egyptian Journal of Psychological Studies, Cairo. 28 (101) October, 176-274.
Al-Mahasen, Ibrahim Abdullah, and Khaja, Baria Bahjat. (2015). Professional development of science teachers in light of the trend of integrating science, technology, engineering and mathematics STEM, Journal of the Center for Research Excellence, King Saud University, pp. 13-38.
Makhlouf, Samiha Ali (2018): Activating school administration in schools for gifted students in science, technology, engineering and mathematics STEM in light of its objectives, Fayoum University Journal of Educational and Psychological Sciences, Faculty of Education, Fayoum University, Volume, Issue 9, pp. 44-109.
Morsi, Omar Mohamed Mohamed and Ahmed, Nemat Abdel Nasser. (2015, April). A proposed vision for activating the school of the future in Egypt in light of the experiences of some countries. Journal of the Faculty of Education. Sohag University. (40).
Masil, Mahmoud Atta, and Abdel Azim, Hanan Zaher (2021): Competencies of principals of schools for gifted students in science, technology, engineering and mathematics STEM in the United States of America and the possibility of benefiting from them in Egypt. Educational Journal. Faculty of Education, Sohag University 1 (85).
Masil, Mahmoud Atta Mohamed Ali and Mansour, Viola Mounir Abdo. (2016). High schools for gifted students in science, technology, engineering and mathematics and their applications in the United States of America and the possibility of benefiting from them in Egypt. Journal of Comparative and International Education, Vol. 2, No. 6, 113-314. Retrieved from http://search.mandumah.com/Record/919802
Mikhail, Engy Talaat Nassif (2021, January) Professional development for teachers in light of communities of practice in the United States of America and Australia and the possibility of benefiting from them in Egypt. Educational Journal, Faculty of Education, Sohag University, (81), Part One, , 506-604.
Nassif, Mohamed Ahmed Hussein. (2012). Learning communities as an approach to reforming public education schools in Egypt. An analytical study. Journal of the Faculty of Education. Tanta University. Issue 48, pp. 269-358.
El-Naggar, Hanem Mousa Mustafa. (2022). An evaluative study of schools for the gifted in science and technology "S.T.E.M' in light of the concept of the knowledge economy "Case study". Master's thesis. Faculty of Education. Menoufia University.
Arab Stars (2024): The impact of technology on education and the future of education, February 24, accessed 5/20/2024
Noubi, Nahed Abdel Rady. (2019). Sustainable professional development of the teacher in light of the virtual approach (reality and challenges). The second eleventh international scientific conference: entitled Developing education and building the contemporary person, Faculty of Education - Minya University, Volume 1, April 24.
Hilal, Shaaban Ahmed Mohamed. (2013). Learning communities in public schools in Egypt: An analytical study ", PhD thesis, Faculty of Education, Damanhour University.
Hilal, Naji Abdel Wahab. (2016). Models of virtual university education and the possibility of achieving equal educational opportunities in the Saudi education system - a field study. Culture and Development, Vol. 16 (101).
State Information Service (2022): Presidential Initiatives, Your Gateway to Egypt, June 19, accessed 5/20/2024, available at www.http://sis.gov.eg1story/237111
Ministry of Education and Technical Education (2011): Ministerial Resolution No. (369) dated 10/11 regarding: The System of Secondary Schools for Excellence in Science and Technology, Minister's Office, Cairo, 3-1.
Ministry of Education and Technical Education (2012): Ministerial Resolution No. (202) dated 4/21 regarding: Granting the Egyptian Secondary Certificate in Science and Technology, Schools for Excellence in Science and Technology, Minister's Office, Cairo.
Ministry of Education and Technical Education (2012): Ministerial Resolution No. (238) dated 3/7 regarding: The system of examination for the certificate of completion of secondary school studies in secondary schools for the gifted in science and technology, Minister's Office, Cairo, 6-1
Ministry of Education and Technical Education (2017): Ministerial Resolution No. 245 dated 27/7 regarding: Tuition fees for students accepted in secondary schools for the gifted in science and technology, 1-2.
Ministry of Education and Technical Education (2012): Ministerial Resolution No. (382) dated 2/10 regarding: The system of admission, study and examinations in secondary schools for the gifted in science and technology, Minister's Office, Cairo, 1-15.
Ministry of Education and Technical Education (2024): Weekly report of the Ministry of Education and Technical Education, during the period March 10 - March 14, date of entry 5/16/2024.
Ministry of Education and Technical Education, during the period January 26 - February 1, Media Center of the Ministry of Education and Technical Education, date of entry 5/16/2024.
Yamani, Hana Abdel Rahim. (2006). E-training and the challenges of the digital age, a working paper submitted to the Training, Development and Training for Work in the Knowledge Society Forum, Riyadh, Saudi Management Association.
Youssef, Dalia Taha (2021): Developing the STEM School System in the Arab Republic of Egypt in Light of the Experience of the United States of America and Singapore. Journal of Educational and Psychological Sciences. Faculty of Education, Menoufia University, Volume 2, Issue 15, pp. 337 - 468.