A Hybrid Training Progr am for Developing the Employment of the Artificial Intelligence Applications Skills in Teaching among the Biological and Geological Sciences Department Students and its Impact on their Future Thinking Skills

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

Faculty of Education, Al-Azhar University, Egypt

Abstract

The current research aimed to develop the skills of using artificial intelligence in teaching among fourth-year student teachers in the department of Geology and Biology, Faculty of Education, Al-Azhar University. Furthermore, the researche aimed to identify the effect of this training on their students’ future thinking skills. To meet such an end, the researche employed the experimental approach with its semi-experimental design, namely, pretest-posttest control group design. The participants, totaling 96 student-teachers, were chosen following the systematic random sampling and were randomly assigned to an experimental group (N=48) and a control one (N=48). The instruments of the research namely, achievement test, assessment checklist for the daily written lesson plans, observation checklist, and future thinking skills test, were all prepared by the researchers. The results of the research  revealed that there was a statistically significant difference at (0.05) level between the mean scores attained by both groups in the post administration of the instruments in favor of the experimental group students. Moreover, the results showed that there was a large effect size of the training program on developing the achievement and performance aspects of the skills of using artificial intelligence in teaching regarding the planning process, and the performance aspect of such skills regarding the implementation and assessment processes where the effect size (d) scores were 1.37, 2.07, and 1.2 respectively. Meanwhile, the effect size (d) of the training program on developing future thinking skills among second-year preparatory stage students was 1.74. As such, some suggestions and recommendations were presented.

Keywords

Main Subjects


Abduljabbar, R., Dia, H., Liyanage, S., & Bagloee, S. A. (2019). Applications of artificial intelligence in transport: An overview. Sustainability, 11(1), 2-24.‏
Aglazor, G. (2017). The role of teaching practice in teacher education programmes: designing framework for best practice. Global Journal of Educational Research, 16(2), 101-110.‏
Arab British academy for higher education (2014). Artificial intelligence. www.abahe.co.uk.
Atkinson-Collier, H. (2015). Analyses of the Relationships between Teachers’ Learning and Students’ 21st Century Learning Skills. PhD Thesis, Tarleton State University, USA.
Barrie, M. G., Amick, C., Mitzman, J., Way, D. P., & King, A. M. (2018). Bringing the flipped classroom to day 1: a novel didactic curriculum for emergency medicine intern orientation. Western Journal of Emergency Medicine, 19(1), 145.‏
Celik, I., Dindar, M., Muukkonen, H., & Järvelä, S. (2022). The promises and challenges of artificial intelligence for teachers: A systematic review of research. TechTrends, 66(4), 616-630.‏
Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences (Second Edition).‏ Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Fryer, L. K., Nakao, K., & Thompson, A. (2019). Chatbot learning partners: Connecting learning experiences, interest and competence. Computers in Human Behavior, 93, 279-289.‏
Goksel, N., & Bozkurt, A. (2019). Artificial intelligence in education: Current insights and future perspectives. In Handbook of Research on Learning in the Age of Transhumanism (pp. 224-236). IGI Global.‏
Hayes, A. F., & Krippendorff, K. (2007). Answering the call for a standard reliability measure for coding data. Communication methods and measures, 1(1), 77-89.‏
Huang, P., Lin, X., Lian, Z., Yang, D., Tang, X., Huang, L., ... & Zhang, X. (2014, October). Ch2R: a Chinese chatter robot for online shopping guide. In Proceedings of The Third CIPS-SIGHAN Joint Conference on Chinese Language Processing (pp. 26-34).‏
‏ Hines, A., & Slaughter, R. A. (2006). Thinking about the future: Guidelines for strategic foresight. P. J. Bishop (Ed.). Washington, DC: Social Technologies.
Jin, L. (2019, August). Investigation on potential application of artificial intelligence in preschool children’s education. In Journal of Physics: Conference Series (Vol. 1288, No. 1, p. 012072). IOP Publishing.
Jones, A., Buntting, C., Hipkins, R., McKim, A., Conner, L., & Saunders, K. (2012). Developing students’ futures thinking in science education. Research in Science Education, 42, 687-708.
Kayange, J. J., & Msiska, M. (2016). Teacher education in China: training teachers for the 21st century. The Online Journal of New Horizons in Education, 6(4), 204-210.‏
Levrini, O., Tasquier, G., Barelli, E., Laherto, A., Palmgren, E., Branchetti, L., & Wilson, C. (2021). Recognition and operationalization of Future-Scaffolding skills: Results from an empirical study of a teaching–learning module on climate change and futures thinking. Science Education, 105, 281–308..
Li, B. H., Hou, B. C., Yu, W. T., Lu, X. B., & Yang, C. W. (2017). Applications of artificial intelligence in intelligent manufacturing: a review. Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering, 18, 86-96.‏
Murphy, R. F. (2019). Artificial intelligence applications to support K-12 teachers and teaching. Rand Corporation, 10, 1-20.
Neisler, O. J. (2000). How Does Teacher Education Need to Change to Meet the Needs of America’s Schools at the Start of the 21st Century?. Journal of Teacher Education, 51(3), 248-255.‏
Ouyang, F., & Jiao, P. (2021). Artificial intelligence in education: The three paradigms. Computers and Education: Artificial Intelligence, 2, 1-6.
Popenici, S. A., & Kerr, S. (2017). Exploring the impact of artificial intelligence on teaching and learning in higher education. Research and Practice in Technology Enhanced Learning, 12(1), 1-13.‏
Rashed, G. I., Guo, X., & Guan, W. (2019). Exploration and reflection on the teaching mode of academic English for postgraduates in the new situation. Science, 7(1), 50-53.‏
Seufert, S., Guggemos, J., & Sailer, M. (2021). Technology-related knowledge, skills, and attitudes of pre-and in-service teachers: The current situation and emerging trends. Computers in Human Behavior, 115, 106552.‏
Subrahmanyam, V. V., & Swathi, K (2018, 11-12 Aug). Artificial Intelligence and its Implications in Education. International Conference on Improved Access to Distance Higher Education Focus on Underserved Communities and Uncovered Regions (paper Presentd) 7th International Young Scientist Conference on Computational Science, Kakatiya University, India.
Sun, Z., Anbarasan, M., & Praveen Kumar, D. J. C. I. (2021). Design of online intelligent English teaching platform based on artificial intelligence techniques. Computational Intelligence, 37(3), 1166-1180.‏
Thompson, S. K. (2012). Sampling (Vol. 755). John Wiley & Sons.‏
Tratnik, A., Urh, M., & Jereb, E. (2019). Student satisfaction with an online and a face-to-face Business English course in a higher education context. Innovations in education and teaching international, 56(1), 36-45.‏
Uskola, A., & Puig, B. (2023). Development of Systems and Futures Thinking Skills by Primary Pre-service Teachers for Addressing Epidemics. Research in Science Education, 1-17.‏
Valtonen, T., Hoang, N., Sointu, E., Näykki, P., Virtanen, A., Pöysä-Tarhonen, J., Häkkinen, P., Järvelä, S., Mäkitalo, K., & Kukkonen, J. (2021). How pre-service teachers perceive their 21st-century skills and dispositions: A longitudinal perspective. Computers in Human Behavior, 116, 106643. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2020.106643
Vidergor, H. E., Givon, M., & Mendel, E. (2019). Promoting future thinking in elementary and middle school applying the Multidimensional Curriculum Model. Thinking Skills and Creativity, 31, 19-30.‏
Zawacki-Richter, O., Marín, V. I., Bond, M., & Gouverneur, F. (2019). Systematic review of research on artificial intelligence applications in higher education–where are the educators?. International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education, 16(1), 1-27.‏     
Translation of Arabic References:
Abdel Fattah, S, S. (2022). A Green Technology Program to Develop Future Thinking and Scientific Sense among Students of the Faculty of Education (In Arabic). Journal of the Faculty of Education - Assiut University, 38 (1), 1-60.
Abdel Latif, O, J, A., Mahdi, Y, S, H., & Abdel Fattah, S, K, I. (2020). The Effectiveness of a Teaching System Based on the Artificial Intelligence in Developing a Deep Understanding of Nuclear Reactions and Self-Directed Learning Readiness among Secondary Stage Students (In Arabic). Journal of Scientific Research in Education, (21), 307-349.
Abdel Rahim, A, A, H. (2019). Recent Trends in Analyzing Research Results (Word file). Unpublished lectures, (Part 1), Faculty of Education for Boys in Cairo, Al-Azhar University.
Abdel Rahim, A, A, H. (2021). Reliability of Coding Results (pdf document) Unpublished lecture. Faculty of Education, Al-Azhar University, Cairo.
Abdel Rahman, F, R. (2022). Problem of Machine Simulation to Man: A Study in the Philosophy of Cognitive Sciences (In Arabic). Journal of the Faculty of Arts - Fayoum University, 14(1), 3976-4009.
Abdel Raouf, M, M, A., Al-Atarbi, H, A, Y., & Ghaloush, M, M. (2021). A Training Program Based on Brain-Based Learning Theory for Developing Creative Teaching Skills for Prospective Science Teachers (In Arabic). Journal of the Faculty of Education - Kafrelsheikh University, (102), 279-306.
Abu Al-Hamael, A, A, A., & Sayadi, H, M, S. (2019). The Effectiveness of a Training Program to Develop the Active Teaching Skills of Science Teachers in the Level of Conceptual Comprehension and Life Skills of their Elementary School Students (in Arabic). Journal of Education - Al-Azhar University, (138), 128-182.
Abu Hatab, F, A.,  & Sadiq, A, A. (2010). Research Methods and Statistical Analysis Methods. Anglo-Egyptian Library.
Abu Musa, I, H, H. (2017). The Effectiveness of Electronic Educational Environment Using Active Learning Strategies in Developing Future Thinking Skills in Technology among Female Seventh Graders (In Arabic) (Master’s thesis, Islamic University of Gaza). Dar Al Manzumah database.
Abu Shuqair, M.,  & Aql, M. (2016). A proposed model for Preparing Primary Stage Teachers in light of Future Thinking (paper presentation). Study day entitled preparing the basic stage teacher in light of scientific and technological developments, Islamic University, Palestine.
Al-Aidi, Rabaa .(2017). Classroom Teaching Practices Among English Language Teachers at The Basic Stage of The Southern Al-Mazar Directorate Influenced by Gender and Experience Variables (In Arabic). Journal of Educational and Psychological Sciences, Gaza, 1 (6), 1-16.
Al-Attab, N. (2004). The Effectiveness of an Educational Program for Practical Education in the Student Teacher’s Performance of Teaching Skills and his Attitude Toward the Teaching profession (presentation paper). The Sixth Scientific Conference of the Egyptian Society for Curricula and Teaching Methods: Teacher Training, Egyptian Society for Curricula and Teaching Methods, Ain Shams University, Volume Two, Cairo.
Al-Barjas, K, K, M. (2023). Future Thinking Skills among Female Students of Al-Jouf University (In Arabic). Saudi Journal of Psychological Sciences, (9), 41-60.
Al-Baz, M, M, M. (2018). The Effectiveness of A Training Program in STEM Education to Develop the Depth of Knowledge, Teaching Practices, and Design Thinking of In-Service Science Teachers  (In Arabic). Journal of the Faculty of Education - Assiut University, 34 (12), 1-54.
Al-Baz, M, M, M. (2018). The Effectiveness of a Training Program based on Web 2.0 Technologies in Developing E-teaching Skills and Attitudes toward it among In-service Science Teachers. Egyptian Journal of Scientific Education, 16(2), 113-160.
Al-Farani, L, A, K. (2020). Factors Affecting the Teacher's Acceptance of Using Artificial Intelligence in Education in Light of The Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) (In Arabic). Arab Journal of Educational and Psychological Sciences, (14), 215-252.
Al-Ghamdi, S, E, S.,  & Al-Mihi, R, A, A. (2022). The Effect of the Interaction of the SWOM Model with the Pattern of Cerebral Dominance in Teaching Biology to Develop Future Thinking Skills for Female Secondary School Students (In Arabic). Journal of Arab Studies in Education and Psychology, (143), 265-300.
Al-Mutairi, W, S, N. (2018). Analysis of the content of the physics course for the first secondary grade in the light of future thinking skills (In Arabic). Education and Psychology Letter, (61), 53-77.
Al-Rasheed, M, M, F. (2023). Evaluating the Teaching Practices of Secondary School Female Chemistry Teachers in Light of the 21st Century Skills (In Arabic). Islamic University Journal for Educational and Psychological Studies, 31(3), 142-168.
Al-Rifai, A, T, A., Abd al-Rauf, M, M, A, F., & Kamal, W, I. (2023). A Training Program Based on the Requirements of Digital Learning to Developing the Skills of Electronic Teaching among Science Teachers in Technical Education (In Arabic). Journal of the Faculty of Education - Kafrelsheikh University, (108), 283-304.
Al-Ruwais, A, S. (2021). Evaluation of Teaching Practices of the Primary Grade Female Teachers in Riyadh City, in the Light of the 21st Century Skills (In Arabic). Journal of the Islamic University for Educational and Social Sciences, (5), 229-277.
Alshaahid, M, A, M. (2021). An Enrichment Program Based on Artificial Intelligence Applications to Develop E-learning Skills among Al-Azhar Secondary Stage Students  (In Arabic) (Doctoral dissertation, Damietta University). Dar Al Manzumah database.
Al-Sharifain, N, K, M. (2017). Meta- Analysis of the Studies Published in the Jordan Journal of Educational Sciences: Practical Significance, and test power (In Arabic). Journal of the Association of Arab Universities for Education and Psychology, 15(3), 130-170.
Al-Yamahi, M, K, M, A, F. (2022). Future thinking. Teacher’s Message Journal, 59(1), 69-78.
Dabdoub, A, S, A., Khalil, N, A, F., & Ramadan, H, A, M. (2021). Neural Branching Strategies and their Impact on the Development of Future Thinking in Science for the Preparatory Students (In Arabic). Research Journal - Girls College of Arts, Science and Education, 1 (7), 126-168.
Fouad, A, M, E., Al-Habashi, F, A, M, A., & Salama, M, R, S. (2021). A Developed Unit Based on Next Generation Science Standards for Developing Future Thinking Skills of First Grade Prep Stage Pupils (In Arabic). Educational and psychological studies - Zagazig University, (113), 159-245.
Ghanem, T, S.  (2016). A Proposed Training Program in Twenty-First Century Teachers‘ Competencies Based on Contemporary Training Needs for Primary Science Teachers and its Impact on Developing their Cognitive Competencies  (In Arabic) (presentation paper). The First International Conference: Strategic Directions in Education: Future Challenges at Ain Shams University, Egypt, 2, 175-306.
Hafez, I, H,. (2015). Future Thinking: Concept, Skills, Strategies. Dar Al Ulum Publishing.
Hammam, A, M. (2014). Curricula between Authenticity, Modernity, and Anticipating the Future. The world of books.
Hani, M, H, M. (2016). The Effectiveness of A Proposed Curriculum in Space Biology for The Development of Future Thinking Skills and Reflective Thinking Skills Among Students of The Biology Division in The Faculties of Education (In Arabic). Egyptian Journal of Scientific Education, 19(5), 65-122.
Hindi, S, D., & Al-Tamimi, I, M .(2013). Teaching Classroom Practices of Islamic Education Teachers at the Secondary Stage in Zarqa Governorate from a Constructivist Perspective and their Relationship to some variables, Journal of Educational and Psychological Sciences, Bahrain, 14 (1), 247-280.
Issa, R, A, . (2018). A Proposed Program Based on Local Environmental Issues to Develop Related Environmental Concepts and Future Thinking Skills for Students of The Biology Division, Faculty of Education in Damietta (In Arabic). Egyptian Journal of Scientific Education, 21(7), 1-46.
Jad Al-Haqq, N, A, A. (2020). A Training Program Based on The Integrated Approach "STEM" to Develop Some Teaching Performances and Productive Thinking Skills Among Students of The College of Education (In Arabic). Journal of the Faculty of Education - Benha University, 31 (122), 369 – 408.
Katfan, W, D., Al-Shun, H, K, Al-Shabani, A, A, L. (2020). The Effect of Using the Strategy of Graduated Activities on Future Thinking among Second Grade Intermediate Students in the Science Subject (In Arabic). International Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences, (16), 162-174.
Mohamed, A, J. (2017). The Effectiveness of the Web Quest Strategy via the web in Teaching Philosophy on Developing Future Thinking Skills and Motivation for Achievement among Secondary School Students. Journal of the Educational Association for Social Studies, (90), 1-70.
Mohamed, H, F,T. (2018). Evaluate the Content of the Third Preparatory Year Science Curriculum in Light of the Skills of the Future Thinking (In Arabic). Journal of Educational Sciences - South Valley University, (37), 264-304.
Mohamed, K, A, M. (2016). A Proposed Training Program to Develop the Creative Teaching Skills of Science Teachers in The Middle School and Its Impact on Developing the Understanding and Creative Problem-Solving Skills of Their Students (In Arabic). Journal of the Faculty of Education - Benha University, 27(106), 1-55.
Morad, S, A, M., & Suleiman, A, A. (2005). Tests and Metrics in Psychological and Educational Sciences: steps for preparing them and their characteristics (2nd edition), Dar Al-Kitab Al-Hadith.
Morad, S, A. (2011). Statistical Methods in Psychological, Educational and Social Sciences. Anglo-Egyptian Library.
Mustafa, M. (2008). Methodology Paper Series: An overview of Future Studies. Center for Future Studies.
Nashi, S, M. (2023). A Suggested Training Program in Science Based on the Principals of the Social Constructivism Theory to Develop the Sustainable Consumption and the Future Thinking Skills for the Preparatory School Students (In Arabic). College of Education Journal of Educational Sciences, 47(1), 79-154.
Shair, I, M. (2009). Teaching for special groups (2nd edition). Dar Amer for Printing and Publishing.
Shehata, H., & Al-Najjar, Z. (2003). Dictionary of Educational and Psychological Terms: Arabic-English, English-Arabic. The Egyptian Lebanese House.
Taha, M, I, A., Al-Sayyid, Y, A, A., & Al-Saudi, R, K, S. (2023). A Proposed Physics Unit Based on the Artificial Intelligence "AI" Applications and its Impact on Developing Complex Problem-Solving Skills among High School Students power (In Arabic). Journal of the Faculty of Education - Kafrelsheikh University, (109), 311-342.
Taha, M, I, A., Darwish, N, M, K, A.,  & Ghaloush, M, M. (2021). A Training Program in Green Biology to Develop Future Thinking Skills among Students-Teachers of Biology in Faculties of Education (In Arabic). Journal of the Faculty of Education - Kafrelsheikh University, (101), 379-406.
Taima, R, A. (2004). Content Analysis in the Human Sciences: Its Concept, foundations, and uses. Dar Al-Fikr Al-Arabi.
The First International Conference of Al Baha University. (2015). Education, Future Prospects. Al Baha University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, April 12-15, 2015.
The Seventeenth Conference of Ministers of Higher Education in the Arab World. (2019; December 24-25). Artificial Intelligence and Education: Challenges and Stakes. Egyptian Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research, Cairo, Egypt. bit.ly/47urwwE.
Yunus, A, A, R, A, R. (2022). The Effectiveness of a Training Program based on Designing Digital Content supported by Thinking Skills, to Develop the Teaching Performances of Science Teachers (Master’s thesis, Islamic University of Gaza). Dar Al Manzumah database.
Zaytun, H. (2004). Teaching Skills and a Vision for Lesson Implementation, Pedagogy Series. Book Three (3rd edition). World of Books.
Zia Conference and Research Center. (2018). Teaching Thinking Conference. Sharjah, United Arab Emirates, November 3-November 5, 2018.
Ziadeh, M. (2008). Teacher and Developing Thinking Skills. Al Rushd Library.