English References:
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Translation of Arabic References:
Abu Allam, R. M. (2009). Statistical analysis of data using SPSS. Cairo: Universities Publishing House.
Ibrahim, S. & Rajab, W. (2022). The two types of crowdsourcing (internal/external) in electronic training environments and their impact on developing digital teacher skills and collective intelligence among science teachers. Journal of Educational Technology: Studies and Research Series, 32(1) 179-288.
Hassan, N. (2021). The style of crowdsourcing electronic resources (competitive/participatory/hybrid) using social media platforms and its impact on developing scientific research skills among graduate students at the College of Education, Umm Al-Qura University. Peer-reviewed scientific journal of the Egyptian Educational Computer Society, 9(2), 243-370.
Khamis, M. (2020). Recent trends in educational technology and its research areas. C1. Cairo: Arab Academic Center for Publishing and Distribution.
Khamis, R., Al-Jazzar, A. and Al-Salami, Z. (2022). Two designs for crowdsourcing (guided and free) in a social learning environment via the web and their effectiveness in acquiring competencies for designing educational situations among female student teachers. Research, 2(8), 83-127.