A Positive Psychology Technique -Based Program to Eliminate Bullying Behavior and its Effect on Enhancing the Quality of Life of the Kindergarten’s Children

Document Type : Original Article

Author

Kindergarten Department - Faculty of Human Studies - Al-Azhar University - Cairo - Egypt

Abstract

The current research aimes at revealing the behaviour of the kindergarten child through a program based on positive psychology techniques, and the effect of reducing bullying behaviour on the kindergarten child's score on the quality of life scale, The sample survey of the research consists of(100) male and female children, while the main sample consists of(30) male and female children at the religious institute, Nasr City school(Al Mujjama) , Cairo Governorate. They were divided into two groups(15) experimental and(15) controls, aged between (5-6) years, The researcher used the semi-experimental approach, and the research tools included testing the Coloured Progressive Matrices to measure the intelligence of children,(Prepared by: John Raven, regulated by: Hassan, 2016), the Illustrated bullying behaviour scale for kindergarten children (prepared by: researcher), Quality of life illustrated scale for kindergarten child(prepared by: researcher), a program based on positive psychology techniques to reduce the bullying behaviour of the kindergarten child (Prepared by: Researcher). The results of the research revealed that there are statistically significant differences between the average grades of the children of the experimental group on the scale of bullying and the of quality of life in both pre- and post-measurements in favour of the post- experimental group of the kindergarten children. It also revealed that there are statistically significant differences between the average grades of the children of the experimental and control groups on the scale of bullying and quality of life in the post measurement of the experimental group of kindergarten children. Moreover, there were no statistically significant differences between the average ranks of the experimental group children's degrees in the post and progressive measurements on the scale of bullying and the measure of quality of life after being exposed to the program.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

Aboalshamat ,K. , Alsiyud ,A. ,Al-sayed ,R. ,Alreddadi ,R. ,Faqiehi ,S& Almehmadi ,S.(2018). The relationship between resilience ,happiness ,and life satisfaction in dental and medical students in Jeddah , Saudi Arabia. Niger J Clin Pract.21(8) ,1038-1043.
‏Aisyah , E. N. , Rohman , A. , & Hardika , H. (2021). The Analysis of Child Bullying Behaviour of Game Mobile Learning Users , in The Early Childhood Education Management Perspective. International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies , 15(9).
Agbaria , Q. (2021). Classroom Management Skills among Kindergarten Teachers as related to Emotional Intelligence and Self-Efficacy. International Journal of Instruction , 14(1) , 1019-1034.
Al-Zboon , E . ,Ahmad , J& Theeb , R.(2014).Quality of Life of Students with Disabilities Attending Jordanian Universities. International Journal of Special Education ,Vol.29 ,No.3 ,PP.93-100.
 Block , N. (2014). The impact of bullying on academic success for students with and without exceptionalities.‏
Bond, L., Wolfe, S., Tollit, M., Butler, H., & Patton, G. (2007). A comparison of the Gatehouse Bullying Scale and the Peer Relations Questionnaire for students in secondary school. Journal of School Health, Vol.77 ,No.2 ,PP. 75-79.‏
Brzezinski , M. S. (2016). Gender differences in bullying and perceptions of bullying. Rowan University.
Bukhari ,M& Authar ,N.(2017). Teachers Perceptions and their interventions toward bullying at Aceh Modern Islamic boarding schools. University of Tampere 1-103.
Bulach , T. ,Osborn , R & Samara , M.(2012). Bullying in Secondary Schools: What it looks like it/ How to Manage it? New York: Sage Publishing.
Campbell , N.(2016). Identification and Understanding of Bullying by Parents. Doctoral dissertation , Alliant International University.
Collins ,L.(2012).Column: Bullying is not just a natural part of growing up. Retrieved
October 31 , 2018 , from http://www.the journal.ie/readme/column-bullying-is-not-just- a natural-part- of-growing-up-428042-Apr2012.
Dafoe , T. L. (2016). The Role of Social-Emotional Learning Skills in Bullying Behaviour (Doctoral dissertation , University of Toronto (Canada). 
Dickerson , D.(2016). Cyber bullies on campus. University of Toledo Law Review , Vol.37 , No.1 , pp.51-73.
Donaldson , S& Ko , I.(2010). Positive Organizational Psychology , behaviour , and scholarship: A review of the emerging literature and evidence base , school of Behavioural and Organizational Science , Claremont Graduate University , Claremont , USA.
Douvlos , C. (2019). Bullying in preschool children. Psychological thought , Vol.12 , No.1‏ , pp.131-142.
Dupper ,D.(2013). School bullying: New Perspectives on a growing problem.(Oxford Workshop Series- School of Social Work Association of America) 1st Edition , Oxford University Press.
Esfahan , M& Rostami , A(2016). The relationship between optimism and life expectancy with family function among parents with disabled children . Modern Applied Science , Vol. 20 , No. 6‏ , pp. 188-193.
Garland ,E. ,Fredrickson , B. , Kring , A. , Johnson , D. , Meyer ,P& Penn ,D.(2010).Upward spirals of positive emotions counter downward spirals of negativity: Insights from the broaden-and-build theory and affective neuroscience on the treatment of emotion dysfunctions and deficits in psychopathology. Clinical psychology review , Vol. 30 , No. 7‏ , pp. 849-864.
 Hafen ,C. ,Laursen ,B. ,Nurmi. ,J& Salemla-Aro ,K.(2013). Bullies , Victims , and disliking: The feeling is mutual. Retrieved from: http:// Curry. Virginia.edu/uploads/resource Library/ CASTL- Research-Brief-Hafen. et.al.(2013).JACP.Pdf.
Hong , Y. , Ra , Y. , & Jang , H. (2015). A Study on Young Children's Perceptions and Experiences of Happiness. Asia-Pacific Journal of Research in Early Childhood Education , 9(1).
Hu , B. Y. , Li , Y. , Wang , C. , Wu , H. , & Vitiello , G.(2021). Preschool teachers’ self-efficacy , classroom process quality , and children’s social skills: A multilevel mediation analysis. Early Childhood Research Quarterly , 55 , 242-251.
Limber , S , Riese , J & Snyder , M. (2015). The Olweus bullying prevention programe: Effects to address risks associated with sucide and suicides- related behaviors. New York: Oxford University Press.
Perez , H. A. (2014). A descriptive analysis of the relationship between private high school teachers' characteristics , their knowledge of the 2011 new jersey anti- bullying law , and the impact on their reporting of bullying incidents.
 Perry ,A. ,& Isaacs ,B.(2015). Validity of the family quality of life survey-2006. Journal of Applied Research in intellectual Disabilities , vol.28 ,No.6 ,PP584-588.
Ruinu , C.(2017). Positive interventions and their effectiveness with clinical populations. In Ruinu , C (Ed). Positive psychology in the clinical domans(PP.81-108).
 Seland , M. , Beate Hansen Sandseter , E. , & Bratterud , Å. (2015). One-to three-year-old children’s experience of subjective wellbeing in day care. Contemporary Issues in Early Childhood , Vol. 16 , No. 1 , pp. , 70-83.‏ ‏
Vorkapić , S. T. , & Šikić , A. B. (2019). What pre-school children think about happiness , hope , gratitude , wisdom , justice , and optimism? The positive conceptual thinking development study. Journal of Positive Psychology and Wellbeing , Vol. 3 , No. 1 , pp. 1-25.‏
Yang ,Y. ,Zhang ,M& Kou ,Y.(2016). Self- compassion and life satisfaction: The mediating role of hope. Personality and individual differences ,98 ,91-95.
المراجع العربية المترجمة:
Abu Al-Diyar (Massad) (A) (2012). The psychology of hope (from a psychological - educational - Islamic perspective), Kuwait: National Library of Kuwait.
Abu Al-Diyar (Massad)(B)(2012). The psychology of bullying between theory and treatment, Kuwait: National Library of Kuwait.
Abu Halawa (Mohammed) (2010). Quality of Life, Concept and Dimensions, Faculty of Education in Damanhour, Alexandria University, Within the framework of the activities of the annual scientific conference of the Faculty of Education, Kafr El-Sheikh University.
Abu Halawa (Mohammed) (2014). Positive Psychology, What it is, its theoretical premises and its future prospects, Library Edition of the Arab Psychological Sciences Foundation, No. 34, pp. 1-95.
Abu-Ghazaleh (Muawiyah) (2009). Bullying and its relationship to loneliness and social support, Jordanian Journal of Educational Sciences, Vol. 5, No. (2).
Abu Warda (Suha) (2017). Psychological happiness in the light of the components of the model "Perma" and its relationship to emotional intelligence in the kindergarten child, Faculty of Kindergarten. Mansoura University, Vol. 1, pp. 557-611.
Bahadeq (Raja) (2021). The concept of cyberbullying among children in early childhood and the extent of their exposure to it in the city of Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, Journal of Educational Sciences, No. 26, pp. 421-460.
El-Baz (Hamida), El-Desouky (Enas), Metwally (Abbas) (2021). The use of positive psychology techniques and their impact on self-confidence among kindergarten children, Journal of Reading and Knowledge, Faculty of Education, Ain Shams University, No. 232, p. 351-327.
Tony (Suhair), Rawa (Wafa) (2022). A selective and integrative counseling program to improve the self-esteem of kindergarten children victims of bullying, Childhood Magazine, No (50), Part II, pp. 17-85.
Jaber (Mona) (2019). The effectiveness of training on emotional organization in reducing the severity of social phobia among kindergarten children who are victims of bullying. Journal of Childhood and Education, 4(40), 232-288.
Jabr (Taha) (2021). The effectiveness of a program based on some methods of self-control to reduce bullying rates among early childhood , Journal of Childhood and Education, No (46), Part I, pp. 135-194.
Jabr (Taha) (2021). The effectiveness of a program based on some psychodrama techniques in improving the skills of assertive behavior among kindergarten children victims of bullying. Journal of Child Research and Studies. Faculty of Education for Early Childhood. Beni Suef University, Vol. 3, No. (6), Part II, p. 1482- 1546.
Al-Hariri (Nafeen) (2020). The impact of a play-based psychological mentoring program on the reduction of bullying behaviour in kindergarten children. Children's and Education Magazine, No. (43), Part II, p. 429-464.
Hussam al-Din (Nehal) (2022). Digital Story as Input to a Motor Education Program to Reduce the Bullying Behaviour of a Preschool Child, Scientific Journal of the Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Helwan University, No. (94), Part I, p. 46-74.
 Hassan (Imad) (2016). Color Sequential Matrices Test, Cairo: Anglo Egyptian Library.
Alkhafaf (Eman) (2019). Bullying Behaviour in Preschool Children, Journal of Arts, Literature, Humanities and Society, Emirates School of Pedagogical Sciences, (42), 165-195.
Khalifa (Asma), Bhansawi (Zainab) (2022). Effectiveness of an animated programme to reduce the empowerment of early childhood children, Journal of Education and Child Culture, Faculty of Early Childhood Education, University of Minya, vol. 20, No. 1, Part I, p. 395-468.  
Al Khoula (Manal) (2014). The impact of a training programme based on improving positive thinking on decision-making skills and the level of academic ambition of university students in school arrears. Arab Studies in Education and Psychology, vol. 48, No. 2, p. 327-362.
 Al-Dmouqi (Magda) (2016). Bully Behaviour Scale for Adolescent Children, Cairo: Joanna Publishing and Distribution House.
Diab (Mohammed) (2013). Positive psychology, Riyadh: Dar al-Zahra.
Salem (Asma) (2021). The effectiveness of a programme to modify the behaviour of the upright child and the victim in preschool, doctoral thesis, Girls' College of Arts, Science and Education, Ain Shams University.
Choucair (Zainab) (2010). Quality of life and sleep disorders in the flow of the Second Regional Psychology Conference, Association of Egyptian Psychologists.
 Al-Sabihiya (Ali), Alqudaa (Mohammed) (2013). Behaviour of bullying in adolescents (concept - causes - treatment), Riyadh: Nayef Arab University of Security Sciences Printing Press.
Sophie (Najla) (2021). The awareness of kindergarten children of the coronavirus pandemic and its relationship to quality of life. Journal of Childhood Research and Studies, Faculty of Education for Early Childhood, Beni Suef University, vol. 3, No. 5, p. 179-224.
Abadi (Eman) (2021). Bullying in Children, Amman: Center for Academic Writers.
Abdul Baqi (Shima), Said (Mohammed), Baghdadi (Marwa) (2022). Bullying of preschool children in the light of gender, Journal of Child Research and Studies, Faculty of Education for Early Childhood, University of Beni Suef, vol. 4, No. 7, part I, p. 566-611.
Abdelaziz (Doaa), Suleiman (Shima) (2021). The effectiveness of a psychodrama-based mentoring programme in improving positive thinking and effective social efficiency in kindergarten children at risk of learning difficulties in Qena governorate, Journal of the Faculty of Education in Psychological Sciences, Ain Shams University, vol. 45, No. 2, p. 327-420.
 Abdulkader (Ashraf), Mazlum (Mustafa), Jaballah (Manal) & Tantawi (Hazim) (2015). Moral values and their relationship to the quality of life of a sample of university students, Journal of the Faculty of Education, University of Penha, vol. 26, No. 103, p. 343-366.
Qatami (Nayfeh), Al Sarayrah (Mona) (2009). Child Empowerment, Amman: The March House for Publishing and Distribution.  
Metwally (Hiba) (2022). Effectiveness of a preventive programme based on the theory of conscientious intelligence to reduce the indicators of Kadhafi children's surveillance behaviour (settled - victim - victim/independent - viewers), Children and Education Journal, No. (49), pp. 185-266.
 Mustafa (Al-Zahra) (2018). A quality of life program to form some positive social behaviors for the preschool child, PhD thesis, Girls College, Ain Shams University.
Mustafa (Al-Zahra) (2019). Preschool child's optimism and relationship with hope, Childhood and Education Journal, Kindergarten College, University of Alexandria, vol. 11, No. 40, p. 367-450.
Mihyub (Sehir) (2020). The effectiveness of early intervention using behavioral cognitive guidance in improving self-perception and its impact on decreasing the polarization behaviour of children in kindergarten. Journal of Child Research and Studies. Faculty of Education for Early Childhood, Beni Suef University, Vol. 2, No. (4), Part II, p. 1013- 1086.
Younis (Ibrahim) (2018). The Power of Positive Psychology, Cairo: Horus International Foundation.

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics