Factors Associated Application of Artificial Intelligence (AI) on Students with Autism Spectrum Disorder Education in the Light of some Demographic Variables as Perceived by Specialists

Document Type : Original Article

Author

Department of Special Education, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, College of Education, Prince Mohammed bin Salman Road, Riyadh, 11471, Saudi Arabia

Abstract

This study aimed to identify the factors associated the application of artificial intelligence (AI) on students with autism spectrum disorder education from viewpoint of subject matter specialists. In addition, the study examined the relationship of these factors with some variables such as: gender, employer, educational level, job title, and years of job experience. The sample consisted of (350) special education specialists who work in the public and private sectors in the Riyadh region. The basic tool used was a questionnaire (set by the researcher). It consisted of two parts: the first, included general information about the sample. The second, included (4) dimensions distributed over 50 items representing the factors that may associated the application of AI on students with autism spectrum disorder education. The comparative descriptive approach was the main methodology. Statistical analysis included mean, standard deviation and t-test. The results showed that the main associating factors in descending order are as follows: the facilities required application of AI; the tendency towards using AI; the AI characteristics awareness, and realizing benefits of AI. Also, the results revealed that there are differences in the specialists' awareness of research factors according to the research variables. Accordingly, the research presented some recommendations that may help specialists and agencies related to the education and rehabilitation of students with autism spectrum disorder.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

Abirami, M., Banu, A. S., Miranda, T. B., & Dhivya, M. (2015). A systematic review for assisting the echolalia attacked autism people using robot and android application. International journal of computer applications, 115(6), 9-12.
Afrin, M., Freeda, S., Elakia, S., & Kannan, P. (2019). AI based facial expression recognition for autism children. AI Based Facial Expression Recognition for Autism Children (September 2, 2019). IJETIE, 5(9). https://ssrn.com/abstract=3446639
Al Banna, M., Ghosh, T., Taher, K. A., Kaiser, M. S., & Mahmud, M. (2020, September). A monitoring system for patients of autism spectrum disorder using artificial intelligence. In International conference on brain informatics (pp. 251-262). Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-59277-6_23
Alcaniz, M., IA, C. G., Sirera, M., Minissi, E., & Abad, L. (2020). Autism spectrum disorder biomarkers based on biosignals, virtual reality and artificial intelligence. Medicina, 80, 31-36.
Aleven, V., McLaughlin, E. A., Glenn, R. A., & Koedinger, K. R. (2016). Instruction based on adaptive learning technologies. Handbook of research on learning and instruction, 522-560.
Alghamdi, Samia Fadel & Alfarani, leena Ahmad (2020). The reality of using female teachers at the special education schools the to the educational applications of artificial intelligence (AI) and their attitude towards it (in Arabic). International Journal of Educational & Psychological Studies (EPS), 8(1), 57-76. doi.org/DOI:10.31559/EPS2020.8.1.4
Al-Shahrī, Suʻād Safīr Allāh ; Al-ʻUbaydī, ʻAbīr Musfir Aḥmad (2022).The role of artificial intelligence in the care of persons with disabilities from the point of view of their mothersin Makka (in Arabic). The International Conference on Integrative Growth and Development in Special Education: Creating Knowledge for the Future. (Saudi Arabia: May 27-29, 2022)
American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.). American Psychiatric Publishing.
Anagnostopoulou, P., Alexandropoulou, V., Lorentzou, G., Lykothanasi, A., Ntaountaki, P., & Drigas, A. (2020). Artificial Intelligence in Autism Assessment. International Journal of Emerging Technologies in Learning (iJET), 15(06), pp. 95–107. https://doi.org/10.3991/ijet.v15i06.11231
Baker, T., Smith, L. & Anissa, N. (2019). Educ-AI-tion Rebooted? Exploring the future of artifcial intelligence in schools and colleges. NESTA. https://www.nesta.org.uk/report/education-rebooted/
Bertoncelli, C. M., Altamura, P., Vieira, E. R., Bertoncelli, D., & Solla, F. (2019). Using artificial intelligence to identify factors associated with autism spectrum disorder in adolescents with cerebral palsy. Neuropediatrics, 50(03), 178-187. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1685525.
Bowrin, P., & Iqbal, U. (2020). Strengthening Behavior and Social Functioning Among Persons with Autism Spectrum Conditions Using Artificial Intelligence and Behavioral Activation: Protocol for the Well-Being and Health for Loved onEs with ASD (WHOLE) Psychosocial Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial. In Digital Personalized Health and Medicine (pp. 1399-1400). IOS Press.
Cameron, R. M. (2019). AI-101: A Primer on Using Artificial Intelligence in Education. Exceedly Press.
Chaddad, A., Li, J., Lu, Q., Li, Y., Okuwobi, I. P., Tanougast, C., & Niazi, T. (2021). Can autism be diagnosed with artificial intelligence? A narrative review. Diagnostics, 11(11), 2032.‏ https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics11112032
Chen, T., Chen, Y., Yuan, M., Gerstein, M., Li, T., Liang, H., & Lu, L. (2020). The development of a practical artificial intelligence tool for diagnosing and evaluating autism spectrum disorder: multicenter study. JMIR medical informatics, 8(5), e15767. doi: 10.2196/15767
Choi, E. S., Yoo, H. J., Kang, M. S., & Kim, S. A. (2020). Applying Artificial Intelligence for Diagnostic Classification of Korean Autism Spectrum Disorder. Psychiatry investigation, 17(11), 1090- 1095. https://doi.org/10.30773/pi.2020.0211
Dasūqī, Ḥanān Fawzī abwālʻlā. (2020). Psychological integration for people with special needs in light of artificial intelligence applications "future vision (in Arabic). Arab Journal of Disability Science and Giftedness, 4(14), 619-630. Doi: 10.21608/jasht.2020.118452
Diep, L., Cabibihan, J. J., & Wolbring, G. (2015, October). Social Robots: Views of special education teachers. In Proceedings of the 3rd 2015 Workshop on ICTs for improving Patients Rehabilitation Research Techniques (pp. 160-163). DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2838944.2838983
Drigas, A. S., & Ioannidou, R. E. (2011). A review on artificial intelligence in special education. World Summit on Knowledge Society, 385-391.
Drigas, A. S., & Ioannidou, R. E. (2012). Artificial intelligence in special education: A decade review. International Journal of Engineering Education, 28(6), 1366–1372.
Eman, D., & Emanuel, A. W. (2019, November). Machine learning classifiers for autism spectrum disorder: a review. In 2019 4th international conference on information technology, information systems and electrical engineering (icitisee) (pp. 255-260). IEEE. doi: 10.1109/ICITISEE48480.2019.9003807.
Ghosh, T., Al Banna, M. H., Rahman, M. S., Kaiser, M. S., Mahmud, M., Hosen, A. S., & Cho, G. H. (2021). Artificial intelligence and internet of things in screening and management of autism spectrum disorder. Sustainable Cities and Society, 74, 103189. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2021.103189
Hyde, K. K., Novack, M. N., LaHaye, N., Parlett-Pelleriti, C., Anden, R., Dixon, D. R., & Linstead, E. (2019). Applications of supervised machine learning in autism spectrum disorder research: a review. Review Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 6(2), 128-146. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40489-019-00158-x
Jaliawala, M. S., & Khan, R. A. (2019). Can Autism be Catered with Artificial Intelligence-Assisted Intervention Technology? A Literature Review. arXiv preprint arXiv:1803.05181. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10462-019-09686-8
Jarrold, W. L. (2007). Treating Autism with the help of artificial intelligence: a value proposition. In Proceedings of Agent-Based Systems for Human Learning and Entertainment Workshop at AAMAS.
Jouaiti, M., & Henaff, P. (2019). Robot-based motor rehabilitation in autism: a systematic review. International journal of social robotics, 11(5), 753-764. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12369-019-00598-9
Kaur, N., Kaur, A., Dhiman, N., Sharma, A., & Rana, R. (2020). A systematic analysis of detection of autism spectrum disorder: IOT perspective. Int. J. Innovative Sci. Mod. Eng.(IJISME), 6, 10-13. DOI: 10.35940/ijisme.F1219.046620
Lameras, P., & Arnab, S. (2021). Power to the teachers: an exploratory review on artificial intelligence in education. Information, 13(1), 14. https://doi.org/10.3390/info13010014
Lampos, V., Mintz, J., & Qu, X. (2021). An artificial intelligence approach for selecting effective teacher communication strategies in autism education. npj Science of Learning, 6(1), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41539-021-00102-x
Laurillard, D., Kennedy, E., Charlton, P., Wild, J., & Dimakopoulos, D. (2018). Using technology to develop teachers as designers of TEL: Evaluating the learning designer. British Journal of Educational Technology, 49(6), 1044-1058. doi:10.1111/bjet.12697
Lin, X. F., Chen, L., Chan, K. K., Peng, S., Chen, X., Xie, S., & Hu, Q. (2022). Teachers’ Perceptions of Teaching Sustainable Artificial Intelligence: A Design Frame Perspective. Sustainability, 14(13), 7811. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14137811
Lindner, A., & Romeike, R. (2019). Teachers’ perspectives on artificial intelligence. In 12th International conference on informatics in schools,“Situation, evaluation and perspectives”, ISSEP.
Lord, C. (2020). The future of autism: Global & local achievements & challenges. The Indian journal of medical research, 151(4), 263–265. doi: 10.4103/ijmr.IJMR_874_20
Lorenzo, G., Lledó, A., Arráez-Vera, G., & Lorenzo-Lledó, A. (2019). The application of immersive virtual reality for students with ASD: A review between 1990–2017. Education and Information Technologies, 24(1), 127-151. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-018-9766-7
Luckin, R. (2018). Machine Learning and Human Intelligence: The future of education for the 21st century. UCL IOE Press. UCL Institute of Education, University of London, 20 Bedford Way, London WC1H 0AL.
Luckin, R., Holmes, W., Griffiths, M., & Forcier, L. B. (2016). Intelligence unleashed: An argument for AI in education. Pearson Education, London
Mahajan, R., & Mostofsky, S. H. (2015). Neuroimaging endophenotypes in autism spectrum disorder. CNS spectrums, 20(4), 412-426. doi:10.1017/S1092852915000371
Marchi, E., Schuller, B., Baird, A., Baron-Cohen, S., Lassalle, A., O’Reilly, H., & Baranger, A. (2018). The ASC-inclusion perceptual serious gaming platform for autistic children. IEEE Transactions on Games, 11(4), 328-339.
Masino, A. J., Forsyth, D., Nuske, H., Herrington, J., Pennington, J., Kushleyeva, Y., & Bonafide, C. P. (2019, June). M-Health and autism: recognizing stress and anxiety with machine learning and wearables data. In 2019 IEEE 32nd International Symposium on Computer-Based Medical Systems (CBMS) (pp. 714-719). IEEE. doi: 10.1109/CBMS.2019.00144.
Megahed, Fayza Ahmed Alhussini (2020). Artificial intelligence applications and Developing the Life Skills for Students with Special Needs: A future Look (in Arabic). International Journal of research in Educational Sciences, 3(1), 175-193. Retrieved from http://iafh.net/index.php/IJRES/article/view/161
Moon, S. J., Hwang, J., Hill, H. S., Kervin, R., Birtwell, K. B., Torous, J., & Kim, J. W. (2020). Mobile device applications and treatment of autism spectrum disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis of effectiveness. Archives of disease in childhood, 105(5), 458-462. doi:10.1136/archdischild-2019-318258
Moon, S. J., Hwang, J., Kana, R., Torous, J., & Kim, J. W. (2019). Accuracy of machine learning algorithms for the diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder: Systematic review and meta-analysis of brain magnetic resonance imaging studies. JMIR mental health, 6(12), e14108. doi: 10.2196/14108
Noorbakhsh-Sabet, N., Zand, R., Zhang, Y., & Abedi, V. (2019). Artificial Intelligence Transforms the Future of Health Care. The American journal of medicine, 132(7), 795–801. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjmed.2019.01.017
Omar, K. S., Mondal, P., Khan, N. S., Rizvi, M. R. K., & Islam, M. N. (2019, February). A machine learning approach to predict autism spectrum disorder. In 2019 International conference on electrical, computer and communication engineering (ECCE) (pp. 1-6). IEEE.‏ DOI: 10.1109/ECACE.2019.8679454
Palestra, G., De Carolis, B., & Esposito, F. (2017). Artificial Intelligence for Robot-Assisted Treatment of Autism. In Waiah@ ai* ia (pp. 17-24).
Popenici, S. A., & Kerr, S. (2017). Exploring the impact of artificial intelligence on teaching and learning in higher education. Research and Practice in Technology Enhanced Learning, 12(22), 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41039-017-0062-8
Porayska-Pomsta, K., Alcorn, A. M., Avramides, K., Beale, S., Bernardini, S., Foster, M. E., & Smith, T. J. (2018). Blending human and artificial intelligence to support autistic children’s social communication skills. ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction (TOCHI), 25(6), 1-35. https://doi.org/10.1145/3271484
Rodríguez-García, J. D., Moreno-León, J., Román-González, M., & Robles, G. (2021, March). Evaluation of an online intervention to teach artificial intelligence with learningml to 10-16-year-old students. In SIGCSE ’21: ACM SIGCSE Technical Symposium, March 17–20, 2021, Toronto, Canada. ACM, New York, NY, USA, 7 pages. https://doi.org/10.1145/1122445.1122456
Roglić, M., Bobić, V., Djurić-Jovičić, M., Djordjević, M., Dragašević, N., & Nikolić, B. (2016, November). Serious gaming based on Kinect technology for autistic children in Serbia. In 2016 13th symposium on neural networks and applications (neurel) (pp. 1-4). IEEE.
Russell, S. J. (2010). Artificial intelligence a modern approach. Pearson Education, Inc. New Jersey.
Schepman, A., & Rodway, P. (2022). The General Attitudes towards Artificial Intelligence Scale (GAAIS): Confirmatory validation and associations with personality, corporate distrust, and general trust. International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction, vol(issue), pp 1-18. https://doi.org/10.1080/10447318.2022.2085400
Schiff, D. (2021). Out of the laboratory and into the classroom: the future of artificial intelligence in education. AI & society, 36(1), 331-348. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00146-020-01033-8
Seldon, A., Abidoye, O., & Metcalf, T. (2020). The Fourth Education Revolution Reconsidered: Will Artificial Intelligence Enrich or Diminish Humanity?. Legend Press Ltd.
Shahamiri, S. R., & Thabtah, F. (2020). Autism AI: a new autism screening system based on artificial intelligence. Cognitive Computation, 12(4), 766-777. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12559-020-09743-3
Shinners, L., Aggar, C., Grace, S., & Smith, S. (2021). Exploring healthcare professionals’ perceptions of artificial intelligence: Validating a questionnaire using the e-Delphi method. Digital Health, 7, 1-9. DOI: 10.1177/20552076211003433
Song, D. Y., Kim, S. Y., Bong, G., Kim, J. M., & Yoo, H. J. (2019). The use of artificial intelligence in screening and diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder: a literature review. Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 30(4), 145-152.‏ https://doi.org/10.5765/jkacap.190027
Sumi, A. I., Zohora, M., Mahjabeen, M., Faria, T. J., Mahmud, M., & Kaiser, M. S. (2018, December). fASSERT: A fuzzy assistive system for children with autism using internet of things. In International conference on brain informatics (pp. 403-412). Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-05587-5_38
Tanenbaum, C. (2016). STEM 2026: A vision for innovation in STEM education. US Department of Education, Washington, DC. http://hdl.voced.edu.au/10707/422006.
Tang, T. Y., & Winoto, P. (2018). An internet of things approach to “read” the emotion of children with autism spectrum disorder. Internet of Things A to Z: Technologies and Applications, 563-592. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119456735.ch20
Tegmark, M. (2018). Life 3.0: Being human in the age of artificial intelligence. Vintage.
Tomayko, J. E. (2003). Behind deep blue: Building the computer that defeated the world chess champion. Technology and Culture, 44(3), 634-635. 10.1353/tech.2003.0140
UNESCO IITE. (2020). AI in Education: Change at the Speed of Learning. UNESCO IITE Policy Brief. Author: Steven Duggan. Editor: Svetlana Knyazeva.
Valencia, K., Rusu, C., Quiñones, D., & Jamet, E. (2019). The impact of technology on people with autism spectrum disorder: a systematic literature review. Sensors, 19(20), 4485. doi:10.3390/s19204485
Vlachavas, I., Kefalas, P., Vasiliadis, N., Kokoras, F. & Sakelariou, I. (2011). Artificial Intelligence. Greece: University of Macedonia Press.
Woolf, B. P., Lane, H. C., Chaudhri, V. K., & Kolodner, J. L. (2013). AI grand challenges for education. AI magazine, 34(4), 66-84. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1609/aimag.v34i4.2490
Zawacki-Richter, O., Marín, V.I., Bond, M., & Gouverneur, F. (2019). Systematic review of research on artificial intelligence applications in higher education: Where are the educators?. International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education, 16, (39), 1-27. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41239-019-0171-0

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics