Internet gaming disorder among school students: determining prevalence considering some demographic (psychometric and clinical study)

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 Department of mental health & counseling, college of efucation, ain shams university

2 Department of Mental Health & Counseling, College of Education, Ain shams University

Abstract

The aim of this study was to measure the prevalence of Internet Gaming Disorder (IGD) considering some demographic variables and to know the underlying psychological dynamics of IGD. In addition, the Internet Gaming Disorder - Short Scale IGD-SS was to be developed based on the nine diagnostic criteria of IGD in the DSM-5. The IGDSS was applied to a sample of elementary, middle and high school students from Egypt aged 8 to 18 years (M = 14.5 years), while the Rotter Incomplete Sentences Blank Test was applied to two cases of excessive gamers (one male, one female). The results showed the validity and reliability of the scale and its ability to measure the symptoms of the disorder well. The results of the study showed a high prevalence rate of IGD in the sample, which was 7%. The rate for males was higher than females, and the rate for elementary and middle school students was higher than high school students. In addition, the underlying personality dynamics of two cases of excessive Internet game use were identified. Perhaps the most important task is to prepare treatment, awareness, and education programs for children and parents about the harms caused by excessive Internet gaming.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

-      Adeane A. (2019). Blue Whale: What is the truth behind an online 'suicide challenge’? BBC trending. https://www.bbc.com/news/blogs-trending-46505722
-      American Psychiatric Association (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders: DSM-5. Pp795-798. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association Publishing.
-      Amin, K. P., Griffiths, M. D., & Dsouza, D. D. (2020). Online Gaming During the COVID-19 Pandemic in India: Strategies for Work-Life Balance. International journal of mental health and addiction, 1–7. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11469-020-00358-1.
-      Balhara YP, Kattula D, Singh S, Chukkali S, Bhargava R. (2020). Impact of lockdown following COVID-19 on the gaming behavior of college students. Indian J Public Health, 64(6), 172-176.
-      Benarous, X., Morales, P., Mayer, H., Iancu, C., Edel, Y., & Cohen, D. (2019). Internet gaming disorder in adolescents with psychiatric disorder: two case reports using a developmental framework. Frontiers in psychiatry, 10, 336.
-      Bentler, P. M. (1990). Comparative indexes in structural equation models. Psychological Bulletin, 107, 238-246.
-      Brooks, F. M., Chester, K. L., Smeeton, N. C., & Spencer, N. H. (2016). Video gaming in adolescence: factors associated with leisure time use. Journal of Youth Studies, 19, 36-54.
-      Chang, F., Chiu, C., Miao, N., Chen, P., Lee, C., Huang, T., Pan, Y. (2015). Online gaming and risks predict cyberbullying perpetration and victimization in adolescents. International Journal of Public Health, 60, 257-266.
-      Darvesh, N., Radhakrishnan, A., Lachance, C. C., Nincic, V., Sharpe, J. P., Ghassemi, M., & Tricco, A. C. (2020). Exploring the prevalence of gaming disorder and Internet gaming disorder: a rapid scoping review. Systematic reviews, 9(68), 1-10. doi: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13643-020-01329-2
-      Douglas A. Gentile, Kira Bailey, Daphne Bavelier, Jeanne Funk Brockmyer, Hilarie, Cash, Sarah M. Coyne, Andrew Doan, Donald S. Grant, C. Shawn Green, Mark, Griffiths, Tracy Markle, Nancy M. Petry, Sara Prot, Cosette D. Rae, Florian Rehbein, Michael Rich, Dave Sullivan, Elizabeth Woolley and Kimberly Young (2017). Internet Gaming Disorder in Children and Adolescents,140;S81, DOI: 10.1542/peds.2016-1758H
-      Echeburúa E., Del Corral P. (1999). Avances en el tratamiento ognitive-conductual de los trastornos de personalidad. Análisis y Modif. Conduct. 25, 585–614.
-      Ellis LA, Lee MD, Ijaz K, Smith J, Braithwaite J, Yin K (2020). COVID-19 as ‘Game Changer’ for the Physical Activity and Mental Well-Being of Augmented Reality Game Players During the Pandemic: Mixed Methods Survey Study. J Med Internet Res, 22(12):e25117. doi: 10.2196/25117
-      Feldman B. (2018). How Fortnite became the Instagram of gaming. New York Magazine.  https://nymag.com/intelligencer/2018/07/how-fortnite-became-the-most-popular-video-game-on-earth.html
-      Fiorillo, A., Sampogna, G., Giallonardo, V., Del Vecchio, V., Luciano, M., Albert, U., Carmassi, C., Carrà, G., Cirulli, F., Dell'Osso, B., Nanni, M. G., Pompili, M., Sani, G., Tortorella, A., & Volpe, U. (2020). Effects of the lockdown on the mental health of the general population during the COVID-19 pandemic in Italy: Results from the COMET collaborative network. European psychiatry: the journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists, 63(1), e87. https://doi.org/10.1192/j.eurpsy.2020.89
-      Flaudias, V., Iceta, S., Zerhouni, O., Rodgers, R. F., Billieux, J., Llorca, P. M., Boudesseul, J., de Chazeron, I., Romo, L., Maurage, P., Samalin, L., Bègue, L., Naassila, M., Brousse, G., & Guillaume, S. (2020). COVID-19 pandemic lockdown and problematic eating behaviors in a student population. Journal of behavioral addictions, 9(3), 826–835. https://doi.org/10.1556/2006.2020.00053
-      Gopal, A., Sharma, A. J., & Subramanyam, M. A. (2020). Dynamics of psychological responses to COVID-19 in India: A longitudinal study. PloS one, 15(10), e0240650. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0240650
-      Griffiths M. D. (2000). Does internet and computer “addiction” exist? Some case study evidence. Cyber. Psychol. Behav. 3, 211–218. 10.1089/109493100316067.
-      Griffiths M. D., Meredith A. (2009). Videogame addiction and its treatment. J. Contemp. Psychother.39, 247–253. 10.1007/s10879-009-9118-4.
-      Griffiths, M.D. (2010). Computer game playing and social skills: a pilot study. Aloma: Revista de Psicologia, Ciències de l'Educació i de l'Esport, 27, 301-310. http://irep.ntu.ac.uk/id/eprint/9716
-      Hamid, M. S., & Mohamed, N. I. A., (2021). Overview of internet gaming disorder. Academia Letters. 729.
-      Hepburn, N. (2013). Life in the age of internet addiction. The Week. Retrieved from http://theweek.com/article/index/239243/life-in-the-age of-internet-addiction
-      Hsiu, F., & Shannon, S., (2005). Three approaches to qualitative content analysis. Qualitative Health Research, 15(9), 1277-1288. http://0-web.b.ebscohost.com.mylibrary.qu.edu.qa/ehost/
-      King, D. L., Delfabbro, P. H., Billieux, J., & Potenza, M. N. (2020). Problematic online gaming and the COVID-19 pandemic. Journal of behavioral addictions, 9(2), 184–186.
-      Ma, Z., Zhao, J., Li, Y., Chen, D., Wang, T., Zhang, Z., Chen, Z., Yu, Q., Jiang, J., Fan, F., & Liu, X. (2020). Mental health problems and correlates among 746 217 college students during the coronavirus disease 2019 outbreak in China. Epidemiology and psychiatric sciences, 29, e181. https://doi.org/10.1017/S2045796020000931
-      Mamadou, Traore (2018). The importance of scientific research at the university, isav-gn.org, Retrieved 10-10. Edited.
-      Mishna, F., McInroy, L. B., Lacombe-Duncan, A., Bhole, P., Van Wert, M., Schwan, K., & Pepler, D. J. (2016). Prevalence, motivations, and social, mental health and health consequences of cyberbullying among school-aged children and youth: protocol of a longitudinal and multi-perspective mixed method study. JMIR Research Protocols, 5(2), e83.doi:10.2196/resprot.5292.
-      Mulaik, S.A. (2014). Goodness of Fit Indices. In Wiley StatsRef: Statistics Reference Online (eds N. Balakrishnan, T. Colton, B. Everitt, W. Piegorsch, F. Ruggeri and J.L. Teugels).
-      Oglethorpe, M. (2018). The Modern Parents Guide to Fortnite. The Modern Parent.https://themodernparent.net/the-modern-parents-guide-to-fortnite/
-      Ozturk, R. (2014). Handbook of Research on the Impact of Culture and Society on the Entertainment Industry. IGI Global.
-      Paulus, F. W., Ohmann, S., Von Gontard, A., & Popow, C. (2018). Internet gaming disorder in children and adolescents: a systematic review. Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology, 60(7), 645-659.
-      Pontes HM, Király O, Demetrovics Z, Griffiths MD (2014) The Conceptualisation and Measurement of DSM-5 Internet Gaming Disorder: The Development of the IGD-20 Test. PLoS ONE 9(10): e110137. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0110137
-      Pontes, H. M., & Griffiths, M. D. (2015). Measuring DSM-5 internet gaming disorder: development and validation of a short psychometric scale. Computers in Human Behavior, 45, 137–143. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2014.12.006.
-      Pontes, H. M., Macur, M., & Griffiths, M. D. (2016). OR-85: construct validity and preliminary psychometric properties of the internet gaming disorder scale short-form (IGDS9-SF) among Slovenian youth: a nationally representative study. Journal of Behavioral Addictions, 5(S1), 35–36. https://doi.org/10.1556/2006.5.2016.042.
-      Shrestha, M. V., , Shrestha, N., , Sharma, S. C., , & Joshi, S. K., (2020). Gaming Disorder among Medical College Students during COVID-19 Pandemic Lockdown. Kathmandu University medical journal (KUMJ), 18(70), 48–52.
-      Siddiqui,J. Qureshi,S. Alghamdi, A (2018). Internet gaming disorder: A case report, J Behav Health. 2018; 7(1): 41-44. doi: 10.5455/jbh.20170928054951
-      Singh, S., Roy, D., Sinha, K., Parveen, S., Sharma, G., & Joshi, G. (2020). Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations. Psychiatry research, 293, 113429. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113429
-      Statista Research Department (2021).  U.S. Online Gaming Industry - Statistics & Facts. https://www.statista.com/topics/1551/online-gaming/
-       Statt, N. (2018). The first Fortnite World Cup with $100 million in prize money is happening in 2019. Qualifiers start later this year, and anyone can participate. https://www.theverge.com/2018/6/12/17456852/fortnite-world-cup-100-million-epic-games-e-sports-tournaments-e3-2018
-      Vollmer, C., Randler, C., Horzum, M. B., & Ayas, T. (2014). Computer Game Addiction in Adolescents and Its Relationship to Chronotype and Personality. SAGE Open. https://doi.org/10.1177/2158244013518054
-      Wang Q., Ren H., Long J., Liu Y., & Liu T. (2019). Research progress and debates on gaming disorder. General Psychiatry, 32(3), 1-6. doi: 10.1136/gpsych-2019-100071
-      Whang.,L, Chang,G.,& Lee., S (2003). Internet Over-Users' Psychological Profiles: A Behavior Sampling Analysis on Internet Addiction. CyberPsychology & Behavior 6(2):143-50. doi:10.1089/109493103321640338
-      World Health Organization  WHO (2018). The 11th Revision of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11), 6C51.0 Gaming disorder, predominantly online.  https://icd.who.int/browse11/l-m/en#/http://id.who.int/icd/entity/338347362
 

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics