Family Secondary Traumatic Stress as a predictor of Emotional Mindfulness in high school students

Document Type : Original Article

Author

College of Education - New Valley University

Abstract

The present study aims to identify the family secondary traumatic stress as a predictor of emotional mindfulness in high school students. The researcher used in his study the descriptive and comparative approach. The study sample included (508) male and female high school students, in the New Valley, in the second semester of the academic year 2020-2021 AD,
The Family Secondary Traumatic Stress scale and emotional mindfulness scale (the two scales prepared by the researcher) were applied to them. The most important results of the study indicated that There is a weak level of family secondary traumatic stress. There is a high level of emotional mindfulness. There is a negative correlation, and a statistically significant, between family secondary traumatic stress and emotional mindfulness. Affective reflection can be predicted from family secondary traumatic stress. There is a statistically significant difference in family secondary traumatic stress, according to the gender variable (male - female), in favor of female students. There is no statistically significant difference in family secondary traumatic stress, according to the variable of specialization (scientific - literary). There is no statistically significant difference in emotional mindfulness, according to the gender variable (male - female). And there is no statistically significant difference in emotional mindfulness, according to the variable of specialization (scientific - literary).

Keywords

Main Subjects


Akinsulure, S., Adeyinka, M., Espinosa, A., Chu, T., Hallock, R. & Akinsulure, A. (2018). Secondary Traumatic Stress and Burnout Among Refugee Resettlement Workers: The Role of Coping and Emotional Intelligence. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 31 (2), 202–212.
American Psychiatric Association. (1994). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (4th ed.), Washington.
Baer, R., Smith, G., Hopkins, J., Krietemeyer, J. & Toney, L. (2006). Using self-report assessment methods to explore facets of mindfulness. Assessment, 13 (1), 27-45.
Ballmer, D. (2015). Emotion regulation, attention and mindfulness in adolescents with social emotional and behavioral difficulties. PhD Thesis, University of Royal Holloway in Landon.
Blush, K. & Blanton, P. (2014). Mindfulness and self – compassion: Exploring Pathways to adolescent Emotional well – Being. The Journal of Child and Family Studies, 23, 1298 – 1309.
Boudreau, G. (2009). The role of mindfulness in self – control and reactivity. PhD Thesis, College of Literature, Island university.
Bride, B., Robinson, M., Yegidis, B. & Figley, C. (2004). Development and validation of the Secondary Traumatic Stress Scale. Research on Social Work Practice, 14, 27-35.
Campbell, A. (2015). The Impact of a school mindfulness program on adolescent stress, well-being, and Emotion Regulation, with a hatchment as a moderator. PhD Thesis, George Washington University.
Conte, J. (2009). Secondary Traumatic Stress: A Fact Sheet for Child-Serving Professionals. Los Angeles, National Center for Child Traumatic Stress, Retrieved Nov. 25, 2020, from www.NCTSN.org
Dubert, C. (2013). A mindfulness model of emotion regulation in nursing students: working memory capacity as a regulatory. PhD Thesis, the Georgia Regents University.
Durkin, M., Beaumont, E., Hollins, J. & Carson, J. (2016). A pilot study exploring the relationship between self compassion, self-judgement, self-kindness, compassion, professional quality of life and wellbeing among UK community nurses. Nurse Education Today, 46, 109- 114.
Everall, R. & Paulson, P. (2004). Burnout and Secondary Traumatic Stress: Impact on Ethical Behavior. Canadian Journal of Counselling, 38 (1), 25- 35.
Gargallo, B., Almerich, G. Suarez, J. & Garcia, E. (2012). Learning strategies in excellent and average university students. Journal of Educational Research, Assessment and Evaluation, 18 (2), 1- 21.
Gottschall, J. (2016). The Prevalence of Secondary Traumatic Stress Among Play Therapist. Retrieved from Sophia, the St. Catherine University repository, Retrieved Nov. 25, 2020, from https:// www. sophia.stkate.edu/msw_papers/584
Grecucci, A., Pappaianni. E., Siugzdaite, R, Theuninck, A. & Job, R. (2015). Mindful emotion regulation: exploring the neurocognitive mechanisms behind mindfulness. BioMed research international, Retrieved Nov. 25, 2020, from https://www.hindawi.com/journals/bmri/aa/670724/
Heshmati, R. & Maanifar, S. (2018). Metacognition, Mindfulness, and Spiritual Well-being in Gifted High School Students. Health, Spirituality and Medical Ethics, 5 (3), 22-28.
Hopes, J. (2009). Acceptance and Interpersonal functioning: Testing mindfulness models of Empathy. PhD Thesis, The University of Texas at austin.
Jarukasemthawee,S. (2015). Putting Buddhist Understanding Back Into Mindfulness Training. PhD Thesis, The University of Queensland.
 Jennings, P. (2018). Bringing Mindfulness to Teacher PD: By developing their own social-emotional skills, teachers can be more powerfully present in the classroom. The Promise of Social-Emotional Learning, 67 (2), 64-68.
 
Martelli, A. (2017). The Role of Mindfulness in the Regulation of Behavior among Those Prone to Negative Urgency. Virginia Commonwealth University, Retrieved Nov. 25, 2020, from http://www. scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/4838.
Mclaughlin, E. (2010). The relationship between dispositional mindfulness and emotion regulation in children. PhD Thesis, City university of New York.
Moore, S. (2013). What is the best predictor of emotional distress; mindfulness, self – compassion or other – compassion. PhD Thesis, University of East anglia.
Morrison, L. & Joy, J. (2016) Secondary traumatic stress in the emergency department. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 72(11), 2894-2906.
Newell, J. & Neil, G. (2010). Professional burnout, vicarious trauma, secondary traumatic stress, and compassion fatigue: A review of theoretical terms, risk factors, and preventive methods for clinicians and researchers. Best Practice in Mental Health, 6(2), 57-68.
Nitsche, A. (2016). Taking Care of Your Behavioral health. Utah, United States of America: Salt Lake City, UT.
Ogińska-Bulik, N. (2018). Secondary traumatic stress and vicarious posttraumatic growth in nurses working in palliative care – the role of psychological resilience. Adv Psychiatry Neurol, 27 (3), 196-210.
Petra, H. (2019). Mindfulness may aid weight management.
Therapy Today , 30 (1), 6-7.
Reckase, M. (1997). The past and future of multidimensional item response theory. Applied Psychological Measurement, 1, 25-36.
Ritchie, T. & Bryant, F. (2012). Positive state mindfulness: a multidimensional model of mindfulness in relation to positive experience. International Journal of Wellbeing, 2(3), 150 – 181.
Roemer, L., Williston, S. & Rollins, L. (2015). Mindfulness and Emotion Regulation. Current Opinion in Psychology, 3, 52-57.
Rosini, R., Nelson, A., Sledjeski, E. & Dinzeo, T. (2017). Relationships Between Levels of Mindfulness and Subjective Well-Being in Undergraduate Students. Modern Psychological Studies, 23 (1), 1-23.
Rzeszutek, M. (2016). Secondary traumatic stress among psychotherapists: determinants and consequences. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/305407414
Salston, M. & Figley, C. (2003). Secondary Traumatic Stress Effects of Working with Survivors of Criminal Victimization. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 16 (2), 167-174.
Sinha, A. (2012). Exploring the Relationships Between Mindfulness, Self-compassion, and Ethnic Identity Development. Master Thesis, University of North Texas.
Walsh, C. & Mathieu, F. (2017). Report from the Secondary Traumatic Stress San Diego Think Tank. American Psychological Association, 23 (2), 124- 128.