Central Coherence and its Relationship to some Language Skills among Children with Mild Mental Disabilities

Document Type : Original Article

Author

Faculty of Education, Al Qassim University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

Abstract

The study aimed to reveal the relationship between central coherence and language skills in children with mild mental disabilities, in addition to verifying the differences in central coherence and language skills according to the gender variable (male - female) and the possibility of predicting language skills through central coherence in children with mental disabilities. Mini. The number of participants in the study was (100) children with mild mental disabilities, whose ages ranged between (9-12) years, with an arithmetic mean of (10.95) and a standard deviation of (0.64). To collect data, two scales of central coherence and language skills were prepared. The results revealed that there is a significant and positive correlation between central coherence and language skills among children with mild mental disabilities. In children with mild mental disabilities.

Keywords

Main Subjects


Aljunied, M., & Frederickson, N. (2013). Does central coherence relate to the cognitive performance of children with autism in dynamic assessments. Autism, 17(2), 172-183.‏
American Psychiatric Association (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.). Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Publishing.
Beversdorf, D. Q., Smith, B. W., Crucian, G. P., Anderson, J. M., Keillor, J. M., Barrett, A. M. et al. (2000). Increased discrimination of "false memories" in autism spectrum disorder. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 97, 8734-8737.
Burnette, C. P., Mundy, P. C., Meyer, J. A., Sutton, S. K., Vaughan, A. E., & Charak, D. (2005). Weak central coherence and its relations to theory of mind and anxiety in autism. Journal of autism and developmental disorders, 35(1), 63-73.‏
 
 
 
Chouinard, P.A., Noultym W.A., Sperandio, I., & Landry, O. (2013). Global recessing during the Muller-Lyer illusion is distinctively affected by the degree of autistic traits in the typical population. Experimental Brain Research, 230, 219-231.
Coates, S.W. (1972). Manual for the Preschool Embedded Figures Test. Palo Alto, CA: Consulting Psychologists Press, Inc.
Coppens-Hofman, M. C.; Ter band, H.; Sink, A. M.; Maassen, B. A. (2017). Speech Characteristics and Intelligibility in Adults with Mild and Moderate Intellectual Disabilities. Folia Phonier Logo p, 68(4), 175-182.
Coppens-Hofman, M. C., Ter band, H. R., Maassen, B. A., van Shorenstein Landman-De, H. M., van Zaalen-op’t Hof, Y., & Snik, A. F. (2013). Dysfluencies in the speech of adults with intellectual disabilities and reported speech difficulties. Journal of communication disorders, 46(5), 484-494.‏
Donohue, D. K., Bornman, J., & Granlund, M. (2015). Household size is associated with unintelligible speech in children who have intellectual disabilities: A South African study. Developmental neurorehabilitation, 18 (6), 402-406.‏
Dorcheh, H., & Baharlooie, R. (2016). Development of pragmatic competence. Journal of Language Teaching and Research, 7 (1), 152-157. DOI.10.17507/jltr.0701.17.
Fiasse, C., & Nader-Grosbois, N. (2018). Perceived social acceptance, theory of mind and social adjustment in children with intellectual disabilities. Res Dev Disabil, 33 (6),1871- 1880.
Frith, U. (1989). Autism: Explaining the enigma. Malden, MA: Blackwell.
 
Frith, U., & Snowling, M. (1983). Reading for meaning and reading for sound in autistic and dyslexic children. British Journal of Developmental Psychology, 1, 329-342.
Happe, F., & Frith, U. (2006). The weak central coherence account: Detail-focused cognitive style in autism spectrum disorders. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 36(1), 5-25.
Hayam, A. (2009). Assessment of Pragmatics (Master Thesis), Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University.
Jolliffe, T., & Baron-Cohen, S. (1999). A test of central coherence theory: Linguistic processing in high-functioning adults with autism or Asperger's syndrome: Is local coherence impaired? Cognition, 71, 149-185.
Jolliffe, T., & Baron-Cohen, S. (2000). Linguistic processing in high-unctioning adults with autism or Asperger's syndrome: Is local coherence impaired? Psychological Medicine, 30, 1169-1187.
 
 
Karp, S., & Konstadt, N. (1971). The Children’s Embedded Figures Test (CEFT). In H. A. Witkin, P. K. Oltman, E. Raskin, & S. A. Karp (Eds.), Manual for the Embedded Figures Test (pp. 21-26). Palo Alto, CA: Consulting Psychologists Press.
Lee, P.S. (2005). An examination of weak central coherence in individuals with autism and its relationship to social functioning, (Doctoral Dissertation). George Mason University, United States.
Long, D. L., & Lea, R. B. (2005). Have we been searching for meaning in all the wrong places? Defining the "search after meaning" principle in comprehension. Discourse Process, 39, 279-298.
Mottron, L., & Burack, J.A. (2001). Enhanced perceptual functioning in the development of autism. In J.A. Burack, T. Charman, N. Yirmiya, & P.R. Zelazo (Eds.), The Development of Autism: Perspectives from Theory and Research (131-148). New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers.
Mungkhetklang, C., Bavin, E. L., Crewther, S. G., Goharpey, N., & Parsons, C. (2016). The contributions of Memory and Vocabulary to non-Verbal ability scores in adolescents with intellectual Disability.  Frontiers in Psychiatry, 7.‏
Niditch, L. A., Varela, R. E., Kamps, J. L., & Hill, T. (2012). Exploring the association between cognitive functioning and anxiety in children with autism spectrum disorders: The role of social understanding and aggression. Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 41(2), 127-137.
Nuske, H. J. Bavin, E. L. (2011). Narrative comprehension in 4-7-year-old children with autism: testing the Weak Central Coherence account. International Journal of Language & Communication Disorders 46(1), 108-119.
Pellicano, E., Maybery, M., Durkin, K., & Maley, A. (2006). Multiple cognitive capabilities/deficits in children with an autism spectrum disorder: “Weak” central coherence and its relationship to theory of mind and executive control. Development and psychopathology, 18(1), 77-98.‏
Poloczek, S., Henry, L. A., Danielson, H., Büttner, G., Mähler, C., Messer, D. J., ... & van der Molen, M. J. (2016). Strategic verbal rehearsal in adolescents with mild intellectual disabilities: A multi-centre European study. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 58, 83-93.‏
Powell, K. K. (2012). Weak Central Coherence in Autism over the Preschool Years, (Doctoral Dissertation). American University.‏
Rajendran, G., & Mitchell, P. (2007). Cognitive theories of autism. Developmental Review, 27 (2), 224-260.
 
 
 
Reed, V. (2005). An Introduction to Children with Language Disorders. (3rded), Boston: Allyan & Bacon, USA.
Skorich, D. P., May, A. R., Talipski, L. A., Hall, M. H., Dolstra, A. J., Gash, T. B., & Gunningham, B. H. (2016). Is social categorization the missing link between weak central coherence and mental state inference abilities in autism? Preliminary evidence from a general population sample. Journal of autism and developmental disorders, 46(3), 862-881.‏
 
South, M., Ozonoff, S., & Mcmahon, W. M. (2007). The relationship between executive functioning, central coherence, and repetitive behaviors in the high-functioning autism spectrum. Autism, 11(5), 437-451.‏
Stavroussi, P., Andreou, G., & Karagiannopoulou, D. (2016). Verbal Fluency and Verbal Short-Term Memory in Adults with Down Syndrome and Unspecified Intellectual Disability. International Journal of Disability, Development and Education, 63(1), 122-139.‏
Temple, C., & Nathan, R., Burris, N., & Temple, F. (2008). The beginning of writng. New york, Allyn and bacon.
Vandereet, J., Maes, B., Lembrechts, D., & Zink, I. (2011). Expressive vocabulary acquisition in children with intellectual disability: Speech or manual signs? Journal of Intellectual and Developmental Disability, 36(2), 91-104.‏
Vandereet, J., Maes, B., Lembrechts, D., & Zink, I. (2011). The role of gestures in the transition from one to two-word speech in a variety of children with intellectual disabilities. International journal of language & communication disorders, 46(6), 714-727.‏
Varanda, C. D. A., & Fernandes, F. D. M. (2011). Syntactic awareness: Probable correlations with central coherence and non-verbal intelligence in autism. Jornal da Sociedade Brasileira de Fonoaudiologia, 23(2), 142-151.‏
Vuolo, J., & Goffman, L. (2018). Language Skill Mediates the Relationship Between Language Load and Articulatory Variability in Children with Language and Speech Sound Disorders. Journal of Speech, Language and Hearing Research (Online); Rockville, 61 (12), 3010-3022. DOI.10.1044/2018_JSLHR-L-18-0055.
Witkin, H., Oltman, P., Raskin, E. & Jarp, S. (1971). A Manual for the Embedded Figures Test. Palo Alto, CA: Consulting Psychologists Press, Inc.
 
 
 
 
Translation of Arabic References:
Osama Adel Al-Nabawi, Sabah Mahmoud Abdullah (2018). The effectiveness of a training program for developing pragmatic language in children with autism spectrum disorder. The First International Conference of the College of Disability and Rehabilitation Sciences, July 28-29, 73-110.
Asmaa Hussein Abdel Hamid (2009). The effectiveness of a training program for developing language skills among a sample of children with Down Syndrome  [Master’s thesis ], Institute of Educational Studies, Cairo University.
Tahani Muhammad Munib, Walaa Rabie Ali, Ruwaida Muhammad Hassan (2021). The effectiveness of a proposed training program based on central coherence and its impact on improving visual perception in children with mild intellectual disability. Journal of the Faculty of Education at Beni Suef University, 18 (104), 151-174.
 
Jamal Al-Zaghat (2005). Evaluating the performance of middle school students in light of standard levels of listening. The Seventeenth Scientific Conference, Egyptian Methodology Association, 1050-1087.
Helmy Khalil (2000). Language and the child. Alexandria: University Knowledge House.
Rasha Sobhi Hegazy, Muhammad Hussein Hamdan (2022). The effect of the interaction between the thinking studio strategies and cognitive stimulants in developing the language skills of primary school students with mental disabilities. Sohag University Educational Journal, 96, 560 – 612.
Zainab Mahmoud Shuqair (2006). Language and communication disorders. Cairo: Arab Nahda Library.
Abdul Aziz Al-Sayyid Al-Khashar (2009). Children with special needs and methods of caring for them. Cairo: Al-Tabari Library.
Abdel Moneim Al-Amiri (2013). Strategies used to develop listening and speaking skills, Encyclopedia of Training and Education. Encyclopedia of education and training.
Lokandharidi, R. Ramer, A. Kusuma (2010). Slow learners: their psychological characteristics and education. Translated by Mahmoud Awadallah Salem, Majdi Muhammad Al-Shahat, Amman: Dar Al-Fikr.
Maria Al-Bishrawi, Muhammad Abdel-Razzaq Huwaidi, Al-Sayyid Saad Al-Khamis (2012). The relationship between mind-reading skills and language skills among autistic children, those with Asperger syndrome, and the mentally disabled. Journal of the College of Education, Ismailia University, 24, 1-44.
 
 
 
Muhammad Mahmoud Al-Nahhas (2006). Communication psychology for people with special needs. Cairo: Anglo Egyptian Library.
Muhammad Youssef, Hamada Muhammad Ibrahim, Ibrahim Youssef Mahmoud (2010). The effectiveness of some electronic training strategies in developing language skills and its impact on the self-concept of children with mental disabilities who are capable of learning. Journal of the Faculty of Education, Al-Azhar University, 144, 1 – 112.
Hoda Mahmoud Al-Nashif (2001). Early childhood teaching and learning strategy. Cairo: Dar Al-Fikr Al-Arabi.
Wissam Ali Hussein (2010). Linguistic perception among normal children and their slow-learning peers: a comparative study. Amman: Dar Ghaida for Publishing and Distribution.